Table 1. Characteristics of patients with and without Enterobacter cloacae infection.
| Characteristic, No. (%) | Patients with E. cloacae infection (N = 112) | Patients with non-E. cloacae infection (N = 509)a | All Patients (N = 621) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at injury, median (IQR) | 23 (21–27) | 24 (22–29) | 24 (21–28) | 0.065 |
| Male | 111 (99.1) | 502 (98.6) | 613 (98.7) | 1.000 |
| Branch of Service | 0.449 | |||
| Air Force and Navy | 5 (4.5) | 36 (7.1) | 41 (6.6) | |
| Army | 68 (60.7) | 298 (58.5) | 366 (58.9) | |
| Marine | 39 (34.8) | 168 (33.0) | 207 (33.3) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 7 (1.4) | 7 (1.1) | |
| Combat Theater | 0.069 | |||
| Afghanistan | 108 (96.4) | 460 (90.4) | 568 (91.5) | |
| Iraq | 4 (3.6) | 31 (6.1) | 35 (5.6) | |
| Non-theater | 0 (0) | 18 (3.5) | 18 (2.9) | |
| Combat Injury | 108 (96.4) | 476 (93.5) | 584 (94.0) | 0.239 |
| Mechanism of Injury | 0.001 | |||
| Blast | 100 (89.3) | 383 (75.2) | 483 (77.8) | |
| Non-blast | 12 (10.7) | 126 (24.8) | 138 (22.2) | |
| Blast Type | 0.410 | |||
| IED | 93 (83.0) | 346 (68.0) | 439 (70.7) | |
| Non-IED | 7 (6.2) | 37 (7.2) | 44 (7.1) | |
| Injured on foot patrol | 76 (67.9) | 286 (56.2) | 362 (58.3) | 0.213 |
| Burn | 18 (16.1) | 46 (9.0) | 64 (10.3) | 0.027 |
| 1st documented shock index, median (IQR) | 1.07 (0.74–1.49) | 0.92 (0.70–1.22) | 0.93 (0.70–1.27) | 0.005 |
| 1st 24 hour blood transfusion, median units (IQR) | 15 (8–31) | 14 (6–24) | 14 (6–25) | 0.032 |
| Body Region of Injury | 0.016 | |||
| Lower extremity | 21 (18.7) | 89 (17.5) | 110 (17.7) | |
| Upper extremity | 7 (6.2) | 26 (5.1) | 33 (5.3) | |
| Both lower and upper extremity | 82 (73.2) | 334 (65.6) | 416 (67.0) | |
| Non extremity | 2 (1.8) | 60 (11.8) | 62 (10.0) | |
| Injury severity score, median (IQR) | 34.5 (24–45) | 33 (24–43) | 33 (24–43) | 0.334 |
| U.S. military hospital | 0.004 | |||
| BAMC | 36 (32.1) | 94 (18.5) | 130 (20.9) | |
| NCR | 73 (65.2) | 389 (76.4) | 462 (74.4) | |
| Both BAMC and NCR | 3 (2.7) | 26 (5.1) | 29 (4.7) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0.030 | |||
| LRMC only | 16 (14.3) | 126 (24.7) | 142 (22.9) | |
| LRMC & U.S. hospital ≤1 week | 55 (49.1) | 242 (47.5) | 297 (47.8) | |
| LRMC & U.S. hospital ≥2 weeks | 3 (2.7) | 4 (0.8) | 7 (1.1) | |
| None | 38 (33.9) | 137 (26.9) | 175 (28.2) | |
| ICU admission | 90 (80.4) | 456 (89.6) | 546 (87.9) | 0.007 |
| Number of operating room visits, median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization, median days (IQR) | 57 (40.5–84.5) | 44 (30–62) | 45 (33–66) | <0.001 |
| Death | 5 (4.5) | 12 (2.4) | 17 (2.7) | 0.216 |
BAMC–Brooke Army Medical Center; ICU–intensive care unit; IED–improvised explosive device; IQR–interquartile range; LRMC–Landstuhl Regional Medical Center; NCR–National Capital Region
a Predominant non-E. cloacae infections include coagulase-negative staphylococci (13%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Escherichia coli (10.5%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (8%), and Enterococcus faecium (8%).