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. 2023 Aug 2;47(4):fuad044. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuad044

Table 1.

Phosphorylation targets in Bacillus sp. in various cellular pathways.

Kinase/phosphatase Substrate/target Experimental validation References
Cell morphogenesis
Bsu PrkC YvcK, YmfM (RodZ), WalR, CpgA, LtaS, YfnI, YvgJ, YqgS, FtsZ I, II, IIIa, IIIb Foulquier et al. (2014), Ravikumar et al. (2014), Libby et al. (2015), Absalon et al. (2008), Pompeo et al. (2018a)
Bsu PrpC YvcK, YmfM (RodZ), WalR, CpgA, YfnI, FtsZ I, IIIa, IIIb Foulquier et al. (2014), Ravikumar et al. (2014), Libby et al. (2015), Absalon et al. (2008), Pompeo et al. (2018a)
Bsu WalRK cwlO, lytE, iseA I, IIIb Salzberg et al. (2013), Dobihal et al. (2019)
Bas WalRK ftsE, eag, kinB3 I Dhiman et al. (2014)
DNA metabolism/regulation
Bsu PtkA SSBs, YorK, SalA, MinD, RecA, DivIVA I, II, IIIa, IIIb Mijakovic et al. (2006), Macek et al. (2007), Jers et al. (2010), Shi et al. (2014b)
Bsu PtkB MutL, RpoB, MinD, PolA II Shi et al. (2014b)
Bsu PtpZ SSBs, MinD, PolA, RpoB, MutL I, II, IIIb Mijakovic et al. (2006), Shi et al. (2014b)
Bsu YabT MinD, MutL, AbrB I, II Shi et al. (2014b), Kobir et al. (2014)
Bsu PrkD SalA, AbrB I, II Shi et al. (2014b), Kobir et al. (2014)
Bsu PrkC AbrB I Kobir et al. (2014)
Bsu STK CodY, AbrB, RecA IIIa Macek et al. (2007), Soufi et al. (2010)
Bsu McsB RecA, RpoB, Ssb, DivIVA III​​​​​​​a Elsholz et al. (2012), Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu YwlE RecA, RpoB, Ssb, DivIVA III​​​​​​​a Elsholz et al. (2012), Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu DegSU ComK I Dahl et al. (1992), Hamoen et al. (2003)
Metabolsim
Bsu HprK/P Crh I, IIIb Landmann et al. (2012)
Bsu PrkC YwjH, GlnA, Icd, AlsD I Pietack et al. (2010)
Bsu PtkA Ugd, Asd, Ldh, Eno, FatR, SalA I, II Jers et al. (2010), Mijakovic et al. (2003), Petranovic et al. (2009), Derouiche et al. (2013), Shi et al. (2014b), Derouiche et al. (2015)
Bsu PtpZ Ugd I Mijakovic et al. (2003)
Bsu STK Pyk, Asd, Eno, GlnA, Icd, YwjH III​​​​​​​a Eymann et al. (2007), Macek et al. (2007)
Bsu McsB Eno, GlnA III​​​​​​​a Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu YwlE Eno, GlnA III​​​​​​​a Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu CitST citM I Repizo et al. (2006)
Bsu GlnKL glsA, glnT I Satomura et al. (2005)
Bsu YufLM maeN, yflS I Tanaka et al. (2003)
Bsu PhoPR ResDE I Birkey et al. (1998)
Bsu LytST ysbA I van den Esker et al. (2017)
Bas PrkD Pyk I Arora et al. (2012)
Bas PrkC Eno I Virmani et al. (2019)
Bas PhoPR phoA, pst I Aggarwal et al. (2017)
Protein synthesis
Bsu PrkC Ef-Tu, Ef-G, CpgA I, III​​​​​​​a, IIIb Absalon et al. (2009), Ravikumar et al. (2014), Gaidenko et al. (2002), Shah et al. (2008), Dworkin and Shah (2010), Ravikumar et al. (2014), Absalon et al. (2009), Pompeo (2012)
Bsu PrpC Ef-Tu, Ef-G, CpgA I, III​​​​​​​a, IIIb Gaidenko et al. (2002), Ravikumar et al. (2014), Absalon et al. (2009), Ravikumar et al. (2014)
Bsu STK Ef-Tu, Ef-G III​​​​​​​a Levine et al. (2006), Eymann et al. (2007)
Bsu McsB Ef-Tu, Ef-G III​​​​​​​a Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu YwlE Ef-Tu, Ef-G III​​​​​​​a Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu WalRK sasA I Libby et al. (2019)
Bas PrkC Ef-Tu, Ef-G I Arora et al. (2017b), Arora (2013)
Bas PrpC Ef-Tu I Arora et al. (2013)
Sporulation
Bsu YabT RecA, RacA, SsbA, AbrB, YabA, Ef-Tu I, II, IIIb Bidnenko et al. (2013), Shi et al. (2014b), Derouiche et al. (2016), Kobir et al. (2014), Garcia Garcia et al. (2018), Pereira et al. (2015)
Bsu SpoIIE RecA, RacA I, II Shi et al. (2014b)
Bsu PrkA σK I Yan et al. (2015)
Bsu CotH CotB, CotG I Nguyen et al. (2016)
Bsu SpoIIAB SpoIIAA, σF I Clarkson et al. (2004), Duncan and Losick (1993)
Bsu SpoIIE SpoIIAA I Duncan et al. (1995)
Bsu KinA-E Spo0F, Spo0B, Spo0A I Burbulys et al. (1991), Jiang et al. (2000)
Bsu RapA Spo0F I Perego et al. (1994)
Bsu Spo0E Spo0A I Ohlsen et al. (1994)
Bsu CotH CotB, CotG I Nguyen et al. (2016)
Bas BAS1213–1214 KinD I Gupta et al. (2018)
Bce LytSR lrgAB, clhAB2 I Chandramohan et al. (2009)
Bth LytSR SpoIIP I Peng et al. (2017)
Germination
Bsu PrkC Ef-G I, III​​​​​​​a, IIIb Gaidenko et al. (2002), Shah et al. (2008), Dworkin and Shah (2010), Ravikumar et al. (2014)
Bsu PrpC Ef-G I, III​​​​​​​a, IIIb Gaidenko et al. (2002), Ravikumar et al. (2014)
Bsu McsB Tig, SigA I, III​​​​​​​a Elsholz et al. (2012), Zhou et al. (2019)
Bsu YwlE Tig, SigA I, III​​​​​​​a Elsholz et al. (2012), Zhou et al. (2019)
Bsu CotH CotB, CotG I Nguyen et al. (2016)
Bas PrkC Eno I Virmani et al. (2019)
Biofilm
Bsu KinC Spo0A I Lopez et al. (2009), Shemesh et al. (2010)
Bsu KinD Spo0A I Aguilar et al. (2010)
Bsu CssRS TasA I Steinberg et al. (2020)
Bsu DegSU YiT – Kobayashi and Ikemoto (2019)
Bsu PrkC AhpA via AbrB, GroEL III​​​​​​​a Zwick et al. (2017), Ravikumar et al. (2014)
Bsu PrpC GroEL III Ravikumar et al. (2014)
Bsu YabT YabA I Garcia Garcia et al. (2018)
Bas PrkC GroEL I, IIIb Arora et al. (2017b)
Stress response
Bsu McsB CtsR, GroEL, ClpC, ClpP I, III​​​​​​​a Fuhrmann et al. (2009), Elsholz et al. (2012), Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu YwlE CtsR, GroEL, ClpC, ClpP III​​​​​​​a Elsholz et al. (2012), Schmidt et al. (2014)
Bsu PtkA DnaK I, III​​​​​​​a Shi et al. (2016)
Bsu PtkB DnaK I, III​​​​​​​a Shi et al. (2016)
Bsu DesKR desA I Cybulski et al. (2004)
Bsu LiaSR liaI I Jordan et al. (2007), Kesel et al. (2013)
Bsu BceRS bceA I, IIIb Dintner et al. (2014)
Bsu WalRK cwlO, lytE I Takada et al. (2018)
Bsu CssRS HtrA,HtrB – Westers et al. (2006), Noone et al. (2012)
Bsu RsbW RsbV I Alper et al. (1996), Yang et al. (1996)
Bsu RsbP, RsbU RsbV I Yang et al. (1996), Vijay et al. (2000)
Bsu RsbT RsbS, RsbRA I, IIIb Yang et al. (1996), Chen et al. (2004), Kim et al. (2004b)
Bsu RsbX RsbS, RsbRA I Yang et al. (1996), Chen et al. (2004)
Bas HssRS – – Mike et al. (2014)
Bas HitRS – – Mike et al. (2014), Pi et al. (2020)
Bas EdsRS clsT I Laut et al. (2020)
Bas WalRK – – Dhiman et al. (2015)
Bce CasKR desA I Diomande et al. (2016)
Bce RsbK RsbY I van Schaik et al. (2005), de Been et al. (2010)
Bth YvqEC – – Zhang et al. (2015)
Bth YvcPQ yvcS1S2, yvcR, kapD, BMB171_C4835 I Zhang et al. (2016)
Virulence
Bas PTS AtxA IIIb Tsvetanova et al. (2007), Raynor et al. (2018), Bier et al. (2020)
Bas STK AtxA via CodY and AbrB I Strauch et al. (2005), van Schaik et al. (2009), Chateau et al. (2013)
Bas PrpN CodY I, IIIb Gangwal et al. (2022)
Bas PrkC CodY I Gangwal et al. (2022)
Bas HprK/P HpR I Poncet et al. (2004), Choi et al. (2006)
Bas BrrAB lef, pag, cya, atxA I Vetter and Schlievert (2007)
Bas BAS2109–2108 Proteases I, IIIb Gupta et al. (2017)
Bce ResDE Enterotoxins (without PlcR) I Duport et al. (2006)
Bce YvfTU Via PlcR I Brillard et al. (2008)

Protein kinases and phosphatases are represented by different colors. Pink: STK (Ser/Thr kinases); light blue: STP (Ser/Thr phosphatases); dark blue: BY-K (Bacillus Tyr kinases); orange: PTP (Bacillus Tyr phosphatases); maroon: Arg kinases; gold: Arg phosphatases; green: histidine (His)/aspartate (Asp) (two-component system-TCS/His sensor kinase-phosphorelay); red: atypical STKs and two-component like Ser/Thr kinases and phosphatases. Bacillus species are abbreviated as B. subtilis (Bsu), B. anthracis (Bas), B. cereus (Bce), and B. thuringiensis (Bth).

The experimental validation of proteins/targets is shown as:

I: in-vitro; II: interactomics-based study; IIIa: phosphoproteome; and IIIb: in-vivo.