Table 1.
General Characteristics of Study Participants Included in Participant-Level Meta-Analysis (Analysis 2).*
| Study† | TOPCAT | PHFS | PEOPLE | Vasodilator HFpEF Trial |
Leizarán | University of Valencia |
Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 205 | 174 | 168 | 45 | 171 | 47 | 810 |
| Age — yr‡ | 72±10 | 61±15 | 77±10 | 64±9 | 75±9 | 74±9 | 71±12 |
| Male sex | 112 (55) | 84 (48) | 83 (49) | 34 (76) | 75 (44) | 20 (43) | 408 (50) |
| LVEF — % | 58±7 | 61±8 | 66±8 | 62±8 | 66±9 | 67±10 | 63±9 |
| SBP — mm Hg | 125±14 | 129±22 | 130±23 | 136±23 | 149±24 | 130±14 | 132±22 |
| BMI — kg/m2 | 34–7 | 33±10 | 30±7 | 37±7 | 31±5 | 32±5 | 32±8 |
| Cr — mg/dl | 1.2±0.3 | 1.4±1.0 | 1.3±0.5 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.2±0.6 |
| NYHA class 3/4 | 0 (0) | 63 (36) | 61 (36) | § | 87 (51) | 11 (23) | 222 (27) |
| Smoking | 11 (5) | 12 (7) | 9 (5) | 8 (18) | § | 3 (6) | 43 (5) |
| Diabetes | 95 (46) | 63 (36) | 62 (37) | 30 (67) | 0 (0) | 21 (45) | 271 (33) |
| COPD | 22 (11) | 55 (32) | § | 10 (22) | 14 (8) | 4 (9) | 105 (13) |
| β blocker | 171 (83) | 120 (69) | 122 (73) | 26 (58) | 68 (40) | 41 (87) | 548 (68) |
| ACEI or ARB | 153 (75) | 119 (68) | 125 (74) | 32 (71) | 142 (83) | 9 (19) | 580 (72) |
| DHFA — n | 72 (35) | 74 (43) | 67 (40) | 14 (31) | 130 (76) | 18 (38) | 375 (46) |
| Median time to censoring or DHFA event — yr | 2.6±1.5 | 3.6±2.9 | 1.5±0.7 | 3.8±1.9 | 3.9±2.1 | 2.6±1.2 | 2.9±2.1 |
| Death — n | 46 (22) | 41 (24) | 41 (24) | 9 (20) | 81 (47) | 11 (23) | 229 (28) |
| Median time to censoring or death — yr | 2.9±1.4 | 4.4±2.8 | 1.7±0.5 | 4.3±1.8 | 4.9±1.4 | 3±0.8 | 3.5±2 |
ACEI denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cr, serum creatinine; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; n, number of participants who reached the end point; NYHA, New York Heart Association class; PHFS, Penn Heart Failure Study; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and TOPCAT, Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial.
TOPCAT and the Vasodilator HFpEF Trial were randomized controlled trials. All other studies were observational prospective cohort studies.
Data are given as mean±SD or no. (%) unless otherwise noted.
Data were missing and therefore imputed.