Figure 1.

The course of one trial in the gambling task (adapted from Parvaz et al., 2015). Each trial started with the presentation of a fixation cross, followed by a cue (“2,” “3,” or “4”). Participants were told that the cue indicated the number of doors, behind which a monetary “gain” was hidden, i.e., the reward probability. Following another fixation cross, six doors came on display out of which participants were asked to choose one. After the selection of one door, a feedback stimulus (“gain” or “loss”) was presented. As feedback, either a green concentric circle, indicating a monetary gain of 30 cents, or a red concentric circle, indicating a monetary loss of 15 cents, was shown. After that, the outcome (gain and loss) was repeated and participants were asked to indicate whether they had or had not predicted this outcome.