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. 2023 Aug 29;14:5267. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40650-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Western blots showing the expression of PIWI proteins in testes and MII oocytes of Piwil1^−/−, Piwil2^−/−, Piwil3^−/−, and Piwil4^−/− golden hamsters, respectively. α-TUBULIN (left panel) or β-ACTIN (right panel) was used as the loading control. b Immunostaining analysis exhibiting the loss of PIWIL1-4 expression in the mutant ovaries and testes. The faint, diffuse signal of PIWIL2 in nuclei of secondary follicle stage mutant oocytes is likely background autofluorescence. Scale bars, 40 μm. c, d The fecundity of male (c) and female (d) Piwi-deficient golden hamsters, respectively. Data are mean ± s.e.m. All p values are from two-tailed Student’s t-tests. n represents the number of mating. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.