Table 1.
Overview of Studies included in Systematic Review
| Study | General characteristics | Infant characteristics | Parent characteristics | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Journal | Location | Design | N (n after exclusion) | % Girls | Range Mean age (months) | BI (%) | N (n after exclusion) | % Mothers | Mean age (years) | SES | Ethnicity % CAU | Anxiety (%) | |
| Aktar et al. (2013) | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 122 | 54.92 | 12 (12.20) | Assessed with (LAB-TAB) | 244 (242) | 49.59 | 33.21 | Moderate to High | 93.03 (Parent) | 31.15 (Current), 54.10 (Lifetime), Assessed with: ADIS |
| Aktar et al. (2014) | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 117 (subsample of Aktar et al., 2013) | 54.7 | 30 (30) | Assessed with (LAB-TAB) | 234 (232) | 50.43 | 34 | Moderate to High | 92.31 (Parent) |
55.56, Assessed with: ADIS |
| Aktar et al. (2018) | Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational |
122 (same sample as Aktar et al., 2013) |
54.92 | 12 (12.20) | Assessed with (LAB-TAB) | 244 (242) | 49.59 | 33.21 | Moderate to High | 93.03 (Parent) | 31.15 (Current), 54.10 (Lifetime), Assessed with: ADIS |
| Blackford and Walden (1998) | Infant Behavior & Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 55 (42) | 52.73 | 11–22 | Assessed with IBQ and TBAQ | 55 (42) | 89 | NA | Moderate | 96 (Infant) | NA |
| Carpenter (2004) | Dissertation | North America, USA | Experimental | 61 (58) | 43.10 |
T1: 9 T2: 12 T3: 18 |
Assessed with IBQ | 61 (58) | 96.72 | NA | Moderate to High | 83.61(Infant) | NA |
| De Rosnay et al. (2006) | Behavior Research and Therapy | Europe, UK | Experimental | 24 (24) | 50 | 12–14 (12.8) | Assessed with IBQ | 24 (24) | 100 | NA | NA | 100 (Infant) | Low range for social anxiety |
| Dubi et al. (2008) | Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology | Oceania, Australia | Experimental | 80 (71) | 62 | 15–20 (17.39) | Assessed with Short Temperament Scale | 80 (71) | 100 | NA | “well-educated” | 94 (Infant) | Normal range, assessed with DASS |
| Gerull and Rapee (2002) | Behavior Research and Therapy | Oceania, Australia | Experimental | 31 (30) | 50 | 15–20 (17.16) | NA | 31 (30) | 100 | NA | Moderate | 87.5 (Infant) | NA |
| Goodman-Wilson (2012) | Dissertation | North America, USA | Experimental | 94 (90) | 47.87 | 12–13.5 (12.72) | Assessed with IBQ-R | 94 (90) | 100 | NA | Moderate | 71.28 (Parent), 63.83 (Infant) | Assessed with IAS and STICSA |
| Hirshberg & Svedja (1990) | Child Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 74 (66) | 50 | 12 | NA |
148 (132) |
50 | 31 | High | “Predominantly white” (Parents) | NA |
| Kim et al. (2010) (Study 1) | Infant Behavior and Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 41(30) | 60.98 | 17–25 (20.6) | NA | 41(30) | 90.24 | NA | NA | 92.68 (Infant) | NA |
| Klinnert (1984) | Infant Behavior and Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 72 (11) | 50 | 12—18, (15) | NA | 72 (11) | 100 | NA | Moderate | NA | NA |
| Knieps et al. (1994) | American Journal of Mental Retardation | North America, USA | Experimental | 22 (11, only subsample without Down Syndrome) | 36.36 | 10–23 (16.2) | NA | 22 (11) | 90.91 | NA | Moderate | 90.91(Infant) | NA |
| Möller et al. (2014) | Developmental Science | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 81 (81) | 50.62 | 10–15 (11.88) | Assessed with IBQ-R | 81 (81) | 49.38 | 35.62 | High education level | NA | Assessed with SCARED-A, Mean: no anxiety |
| Mumme et al. (1996) | Child Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 125 (90) | 51.11 | 12–13 (12.43) | NA | 125 (90) | 100 | NA | Moderate | 81 (Infant) | NA |
| Murray et al. (2008) | Child Development | Europe, UK | Experimental | 190 (156) | 55.25 | (T1 10.31, T2 14.04) | Assessed with behavioral coding of non-social tasks | 190 (156) | 100 | 30.80 | Moderate to high | 97.38 (Parent) | Assessed with SIAS, SPS, clinical structured interview for DSM IV, Social Phobia: 50.64% |
| Rosen et al. (1992) | Developmental Psychology | North America, USA | Experimental | 39 (37) | 48.65 | 11–12 (12) | NA | 39 (37) | 100 | NA | Moderate | NA | NA |
| Sorce et al. (1985) (Study 1) | Developmental Psychology | North America, USA | Experimental | 61 (36) | 47.22 | 12 | NA | 61 (36) | 100 | NA | Moderate | NA | NA |
| Stenberg (2003) | Infant and Child Development | Sweden, Europe | Experimental | 99 (96) | 50 | 12.15 | NA | 99 (96) | 100 | 31.9 | High education level | 100 (Infant) | NA |
| Walden and Ogan (1988) | Child Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 40 (40) | 45 | 6–22 (12.79) | NA | 40 (40) | 80 | NA | Moderate | NA | NA |
| Walden and Baxter (1989) | Child Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 48 (32 only age groups 6 to 23 months) | 50 | 12.75 | NA | 48 (32 only parents of age groups 6 to 23 months) | 85.42 | NA | Moderate | NA | NA |
| Walden et al. (1991) | American Journal of Mental Retardation | North America, USA | Experimental | 40 (20, only subsample without developmental delays) | 45 | 6–27 | NA | 40 (20) | 90 | NA | Moderate | NA | NA |
| Zarbatany and Lamb (1985) | Infant Behavior and Development | North America, USA | Experimental | 79 (18 in parent conditions) | Original sample: 48 | Original sample 13.23–15.03 (14.13) | NA | 18 | 100 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
For Study characteristics: Journal = name of journal in which the article was published; Location= study location. For Infant characteristics: N = number of infants in the sample; BI = behavioral inhibition/ temperament; CAU = Caucasian. For Parent characteristics: N = number of parents in the sample; SES = socio-economic status; CAU = Caucasian; Anxiety = percentage of parents who have anxiety based on diagnostic tools or questionnaires