Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Aug 29;220(10):e20230105. doi: 10.1084/jem.20230105

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2023 Robinson et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 5. — ZAKα inhibition rescues epidermal integrity by limiting pyroptosis in a model of cutaneous diphtheria. (A) Outline of the 3D human skin model of cutaneous diphtheria. (B) H&E staining demonstrating the histological changes caused by DT and VbP. Yellow arrows indicate dyskeratotic keratinocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm and condensed nuclei. Images representative of three biological replicates. Tissues were fixed 24 h after treatment. (C) Correlation between the fold change (FC) of 65 cytokines/chemokines after 24 h of DT or VbP treatment. (D) H&E staining of 3D skin treated with the indicated bacteria filtrate or compound. Yellow arrows indicate dyskeratotic keratinocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm and condensed nuclei. Gray arrows mark putative apoptotic cells with eosin-rich cytosol and condensed nuclei. Compound 6p is a ZAKα inhibitor. Images representative of three biological replicates. Tissues were fixed 24 h after treatment. (E) Quantification of the extent of the detachment between the dermal–epidermal layer based on the H&E staining of 3D skin in D. Significance values were calculated from one-way ANOVA. **, P ≤ 0.01. ****, P ≤ 0.0001. (F) GSDMD p30 staining of 3D skin treated with C. diphtheriae filtrate with and without compound 6p. Black arrows indicate membranous staining around foci of epithelial barrier damage. (G) Western blot of IL-18 and IL-1β p17 in the cultured media of 3D skin after the indicated treatment. (H) Significantly upregulated cytokines/chemokines in DT-treated 3D skin culture relative to untreated 3D skin from D. Log₁₀(adjusted P values) and log₂(fold change) were calculated from a multiparametric t test. Fold change cutoff is set at 5. (I) Significantly upregulated cytokines/chemokines in DT + 6p 3D skin culture relative to 6p only 3D skin from D. Log₁₀(adjusted P values) and log2(fold change) were calculated from a multiparametric t test. Fold change cutoff is set at 5. Source data are available for this figure: SourceData F5.