Table 2.

Association between total artificial sweeteners, aspartame, acesulfame-K, and sucralose intakes coded as continuous variables and T2D, NutriNet-Santé cohort, France, 2009–2022 (N = 105,588 participants; 972 incident cases)¹

Exposure	HR for an increase of 100 mg/day (95% CI)	P value
Total artificial sweeteners	1.18 (1.09–1.29)	<0.001
Aspartame	1.26 (1.08–1.46)	0.003
Acesulfame-K	1.62 (1.12–2.33)	0.010
Sucralose	1.06 (0.78–1.43)	0.713

¹Median follow-up time was 9.13 years (946,650 person-years). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for (main model) age (time scale), sex, BMI (continuous, kg/m²), mean percentage of weight change per year of follow-up (continuous), physical activity (categorical IPAQ variable: high, moderate, low, missing value), smoking status (categorical: never, former, current smokers), number of smoked cigarettes in pack-years (continuous), educational level (categorical: less than high school degree, <2 years after high school degree, ≥2 years after high school degree), family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives (categorical: yes, no), prevalence of cardiovascular disease (categorical: yes, no), prevalence of hypertension (categorical: yes, no), prevalence of dyslipidemia (categorical: yes, no), number of 24-h dietary records (continuous), energy intake without alcohol (continuous variable: kcal/day), daily intakes (continuous, g/day) of alcohol, sodium, saturated fatty acids, fiber, sugar, fruit and vegetables, red and processed meat, and dairy products. In addition, all models were mutually adjusted for artificial sweetener intake other than the one studied.