Table 2.

Banana lignins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics with anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects

Chemical specie	References
Carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheroxanthin, α-criptoxanthin, β-criptoxanthin, lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene	Aquino et al. (2018) Heng et al. (2017)
Dopamine phenolic compound with two hydroxyl and one amino group	Kanazawa and Sakakibara (2000) Kulma and Szopa (2007) Pereira and Maraschin (2015)
Flavonoids and their glycosides catechins, proanthocyanins, anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, and their glycosides Anthocyanins and its glycosides: delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin Gentisic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid Chlorogenic acid, quercetin, naringenin Prodelphinidins, flavonol glycosides with quercetin-based chemical structures, procyanidin and flavonols Caffeic acid-hexoside, ferulic acid-hexoside and dihexoside, myricetin-hexoside, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, quercetin-hexoside, methylmyrecetin-hexoside, rutin, kaempferol-hexoside, kaempferol-rutinoside, isorhametin-rutinoside p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic and ferulic acid Lignins and vitamins C and B	Pereira and Maraschin (2015) Ahmad et al. (2019) Kandasamy and Aradhya (2014) Babu et al. (2012) Rebello et al. (2014) Tsamo et al. (2015) Nguyen et al. (2017) Ahmad et al. (2019)