Table 3.
Anti-atherosclerotic biological mechanisms of banana bioactive compounds
| Banana extract or component/dose | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|
| Banana dry matter | The in vitro bile acid binding capacity of banana extracts was higher than 6 different fruit extracts | (Kahlon and Smith, 2007) |
| Six month randomized controlled trial comparing nutritional counseling plus 40g of green banana biomass/day with placebo (control) | Eating green banana decreased body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure in humans | (Izar et al., 2018) |
| Dietary intake of a flavonoid rich fraction from banana | Decreasing lipid levels from heart and liver as well lipid peroxidation | (Krishnan and Vijayalakshmi, 2005) |
| Flower and Inflorescence stalk ethanolic extract at 250 mg/kg/day p.o of Musa balbisiana Colla. | Both improved blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, tryglycerides, and LDL), decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing HDL in rats | (Borah and Das, 2017) |
| 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight of Musa sapientum | Improved GSH and CAT levels and decreased SOD levels. It also decreased total cholesterol, tryglycerides and LDL and increased HDL levels in rats | (Akinlolu et al., 2013) |
| Feeding a methanolic extract of Musa sapientum (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day) | At 20 or 40 mg/kg doses the hypercholesterolemic effects were partially reversed. Banana extract improved total cholesterol and its fractions, decreased lipid peroxidation and restored the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in rats | (Dikshit et al., 2016) |
| Ingesting aqueous peel extracts of the 3 different cultivars of Musa sapientum (100 mg/Kg bw) | Decreased both tryglycerides and total cholesterol in rats | (Edenta et al., 2014) |
| Eating banana peel extracts | Diminished total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL cholesterol in rats | (Mosa and Khalil, 2015) |
| Banana crude extracts | Inhibition of platelet aggregation as well as antifungal and antibacterial effects | (Kandasamy et al., 2016) |
| Eating banana 250 or 500 gr/day for 4 weeks | Decreased the mean glycemic values by 10% in humans | (Cressey et al., 2014) |
| Ethanolic extracts of M. Cavendish (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o) and M. acuminata (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) | They had significant hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects rats | (Navghare and Dhawale, 2017) |
| Banana bioactive compounds, such as catechin, dopamine, lutein, lycopene, quercetin, and tocopherols |
Protect LDL against peroxidation | (Egert et al., 2009) (Howard and Thurnham, 2017). (Palozza et al., 2010) (Sidhu and Zafar, 2018) (Yang et al., 2009) |