Shown are inverse model results for (a) annual dust emission rate, (b)
annual dust AOD, (c) column-integrated dust loading, (d) dust surface
concentration, and (e) dust deposition flux. Panels (a) – (d) show
results for PM20 dust, whereas panel (e) shows results for
PM10 dust, for optimal comparison against the measurement
compilation of PM10 dust deposition fluxes (Albani et al., 2014). Seasonally resolved predictions
for each of these variables are shown in Figs. S2–S6. The symbols in (d) and (e) show
the locations and values of the independent surface concentration and deposition
flux measurements used for evaluation of the inverse model in Sect. 4.3 (also see Figs. 2c, d).