Table 2. Constraints on seasonal dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) at 550 nm averaged over 15 regions.

Regional DAOD constraints for regions 1–11 are from Ridley et al. (2016) and were obtained using data from AERONET, MODIS, MISR, and a model ensemble. Regional DAOD constraints for regions 12–15 are from Adebiyi et al. (2020) and were obtained from an ensemble of aerosol reanalysis products. All constraints use data for the years 2004–2008.

Region number p	Region name	Region coordinates	DJF	MAM	JJA	SON
1	Mid-Atlantic	20 – 50° W; 4 – 40° N	0.064 ± 0.013	0.106 ± 0.008	0.143 ± 0.005	0.084 ± 0.006
2	African West Coast	20 – 5° W; 10 – 34°N	0.180 ± 0.010	0.250 ± 0.019	0.365 ± 0.016	0.233 ± 0.022
3	Northern Africa	5° W – 30° E; 26 – 40° N	0.118 ± 0.011	0.219 ± 0.010	0.207 ± 0.016	0.151 ± 0.016
4	Mali/Niger	5° W – 10° E; 10 – 26°N	0.257 ± 0.019	0.441 ± 0.022	0.462 ± 0.044	0.277 ± 0.023
5	Bodele/Suda n	10 – 40° E; 10 – 26°N	0.191 ± 0.006	0.339 ± 0.023	0.310 ± 0.018	0.212 ± 0.021
6	Northern Middle East	30–50° E; 26 – 40° N	0.112 ± 0.011	0.223 ± 0.011	0.164 ± 0.015	0.113 ± 0.019
7	Southern Middle East	40 – 67.5° E; 0 – 26° N	0.123 ± 0.018	0.204 ± 0.021	0.330 ± 0.044	0.150 ± 0.020
8	Kyzyl Kum	50 – 67.5° E; 26 – 50° N	0.115 ± 0.017	0.176 ± 0.026	0.154 ± 0.034	0.101 ± 0.018
9	Thar	67.5 – 75° E; 20 – 50° N	0.130 ± 0.029	0.238 ± 0.033	0.319 ± 0.029	0.135 ± 0.037
10	Taklamakan	75 – 92.5° E; 30 – 50° N	0.119 ± 0.013	0.275 ± 0.027	0.171 ± 0.026	0.104 ± 0.011
11	Gobi	92.5 – 115° E; 36 – 50° N	0.093 ± 0.022	0.192 ± 0.022	0.102 ± 0.035	0.047 ± 0.021
12	North America	80 – 130° W; 20 – 45° N	0.010 ± 0.005	0.029 ± 0.011	0.028 ± 0.010	0.012 ± 0.006
13	South America	80 – 55° W; 0 – 55° S	0.019 ± 0.011	0.013 ± 0.007	0.010 ± 0.006	0.016 ± 0.009
14	Southern Africa	10 – 40° E; 10 – 35° S	0.016 ± 0.007	0.011 ± 0.005	0.013 ± 0.005	0.016 ± 0.007
15	Australia	110 – 160° E; 10 – 40° S	0.025 ± 0.013	0.013 ± 0.006	0.010 ± 0.005	0.023 ± 0.011