Table 2.
Associations of Demographics and Transplant and Post-transplant characteristics by Location of Death (N=1,113)
| Characteristics | While awaiting heart transplant | Post-heart transplant | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N=804) | In-hospital at time of death | P-value¥ | All (N=309) | In-hospital at time of death | P-value¥ | |||
| Yes (N=718) | No (N=86) | Yes (N=69) | No (N=240) | |||||
| Patient demographics | ||||||||
| Male sex | 453 (56.3) | 407 (56.7) | 46 (53.5) | 0.57 | 177 (57.3) | 33 (47.8) | 144 (60.0) | 0.07 |
| Age at death, years | 0.8 (0.2–3.1) | 0.7 (0.2–2.9) | 1.2 (0.5–5.5) | 0.01 | 11.1 (3.1–17.1) | 6.9 (1.3–13.8) | 12.3 (3.8–17.8) | 0.001 |
| Caucasian/White | 527 (65.5) | 478 (66.6) | 49 (57.0) | 191 (61.8) | 43 (62.3) | 148 (61.7) | ||
| African American/Black | 169 (21.0) | 154 (21.4) | 15 (17.4) | 77 (24.9) | 18 (26.1) | 59 (24.6) | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 9 (1.1) | 7 (1.0) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (1.0) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (0.8) | ||
| Asian | 24 (3.0) | 19 (2.6) | 5 (5.8) | 10 (3.2) | 2 (2.9) | 8 (3.3) | ||
| Hawaiian or other Pacific islander | 6 (0.7) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Other | 56 (7.0) | 44 (6.1) | 12 (14.0) | 21 (6.8) | 5 (7.2) | 16 (6.7) | ||
| Unknown/Undisclosed | 29 (3.6) | 22 (3.1) | 7 (8.1) | 12 (3.9) | 2 (2.9) | 10 (4.2) | ||
| Hispanic | 159 (19.8) | 139 (19.4) | 20 (23.3) | 68 (22.0) | 15 (21.7) | 53 (22.1) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 537 (66.8) | 479 (66.7) | 58 (67.4) | 213 (68.9) | 40 (58.0) | 173 (72.1) | ||
| Unknown/Not reported | 108 (13.4) | 100 (13.9) | 8 (9.3) | 28 (9.1) | 14 (20.3) | 14 (5.8) | ||
| Charitable Donation | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Free | 19 (2.4) | 17 (2.4) | 2 (2.3) | 9 (2.9) | 2 (2.9) | 7 (2.9) | ||
| Government | 426 (53.0) | 374 (52.1) | 52 (60.5) | 163 (52.8) | 33 (47.8) | 130 (54.2) | ||
| Private | 253 (31.5) | 223 (31.1) | 30 (34.9) | 105 (34.0) | 20 (29.0) | 85 (35.4) | ||
| Self Pay | 5 (0.6) | 5 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Other | 11 (1.4) | 9 (1.3) | 2 (2.3) | 11 (3.6) | 1 (1.4) | 10 (4.2) | ||
| Unknown/Not reported | 90 (11.2) | 90 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (6.5) | 12 (17.4) | 8 (3.3) | ||
| Cardiac Tumor | 4 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Cardiomyopathy | 221 (27.5) | 189 (26.3) | 32 (37.2) | 117 (37.9) | 30 (43.5) | 87 (36.3) | ||
| Congenital Heart Disease | 553 (68.7) | 502 (69.9) | 51 (59.3) | 185 (59.9) | 37 (53.6) | 148 (61.7) | ||
| Myocarditis | 26 (3.2) | 24 (3.3) | 2 (2.3) | 7 (2.3) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (2.1) | ||
| Transplant/Post-transplant characteristics | ||||||||
| Age at Transplant, years | 4.1 (0.7–11.5) | 1.7 (0.5–7.4) | 5.2 (0.7–12.4) | 0.02 | ||||
| Year of Transplant | ||||||||
| 1993–2000 | 36 (11.7) | 20 (29.0) | 16 (6.7) | |||||
| 2001–2010 | 104 (33.7) | 34 (49.3) | 70 (29.2) | |||||
| 2011–2019 | 169 (54.7) | 15 (21.7) | 154 (64.2) | |||||
| Time since transplant, years | 2.0 (0.3–6.9) | 1.5 (0.1–6.0) | 2.6 (0.4–7.0) | 0.02 | ||||
| Patient seen for follow-up (anytime during post-transplant) | 200 (64.7) | 36 (52.2) | 164 (68.3) | 0.01 | ||||
*
Data are presented as N (%) for categorical variables and Median (interquartile range) for continuous variables.
¥
P-value from Chi-square test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.
†
Comparison was made as Caucasian/White vs. all others (except Unknown/Undisclosed) and p-value came from Chi-square test.
α
Comparison was made as Government vs. Private and p-value came from Chi-square test.
‡
Comparison was made as Congenital Heart Disease vs. all others and p-value came from Chi-square test.