Table 1.
Characteristics of the 3,369 participants with and without periodontitis in the female population
| Variables | Total (n = 3369) | No periodontitis (n = 1876) |
Periodontitis (n = 1493) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUA (mg/dl) | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | < 0.001** |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 539 (16.0) | 258 (13.8) | 281 (18.8) | < 0.001** |
| Age (years) | 51.8 ± 14.1 | 48.8 ± 13.6 | 55.5 ± 13.8 | < 0.001** |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
| Mexican American | 402 (11.9) | 183 (9.8) | 219 (14.7) | |
| Other Hispanic | 343 (10.2) | 190 (10.1) | 153 (10.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1376 (40.8) | 873 (46.5) | 503 (33.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 724 (21.5) | 337 (18) | 387 (25.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 440 (13.1) | 241 (12.8) | 199 (13.3) | |
| Other Race | 84 (2.5) | 52 (2.8) | 32 (2.1) | |
| Education, n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
| < High school | 653 (19.4) | 252 (13.4) | 401 (26.9) | |
| High school | 690 (20.5) | 319 (17) | 371 (24.8) | |
| > High school | 2026 (60.1) | 1305 (69.6) | 721 (48.3) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
| Married or living with partner | 1387 (41.2) | 665 (35.4) | 722 (48.4) | |
| Living alone | 1982 (58.8) | 1211 (64.6) | 771 (51.6) | |
| PIR, n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
| ≤ 1 | 724 (21.5) | 305 (16.3) | 419 (28.1) | |
| 1–3 | 1298 (38.5) | 637 (34) | 661 (44.3) | |
| > 3 | 1347 (40.0) | 934 (49.8) | 413 (27.7) | |
| Alcohol status, n (%) | 2049 (60.8) | 1232 (65.7) | 817 (54.7) | < 0.001** |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 1143 (33.9) | 566 (30.2) | 577 (38.6) | < 0.001** |
| Dietary fiber (gm) | 14.2 (9.4, 20.6) | 14.7 (9.9, 21.1) | 13.4 (9.0, 19.9) | < 0.001** |
| Total fat (gm) | 64.1 (43.4, 89.8) | 66.5 (46.0, 91.3) | 60.4 (40.4, 88.0) | < 0.001** |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
| < 25 | 984 (29.2) | 605 (32.2) | 379 (25.4) | |
| 25–30 | 971 (28.8) | 544 (29) | 427 (28.6) | |
| > 30 | 1414 (42.0) | 727 (38.8) | 687 (46) | |
| Gout, n (%) | 75 (2.2) | 27 (1.4) | 48 (3.2) | < 0.001** |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 86 (2.6) | 27 (1.4) | 59 (4) | < 0.001** |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 65 (1.9) | 21 (1.1) | 44 (2.9) | < 0.001** |
| Angina, n (%) | 62 (1.8) | 22 (1.2) | 40 (2.7) | 0.001** |
| Stroke, n (%) | 98 (2.9) | 40 (2.1) | 58 (3.9) | 0.003** |
| Weak/failing kidneys, n (%) | 109 (3.2) | 38 (2) | 71 (4.8) | < 0.001** |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 413 (12.3) | 160 (8.5) | 253 (16.9) | < 0.001** |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1300 (38.6) | 612 (32.6) | 688 (46.1) | < 0.001** |
| Dental visit, n (%) | 2100 (62.3) | 1313 (70) | 787 (52.7) | < 0.001** |
Abbreviations: SUA serum uric acid, PIR income-poverty ratio, BMI body mass index
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01