Table 1.
Major mycotoxins and their levels in the cereal grains produced in different regions of the world in 2020.
| Region | Major Mycotoxins | Number of Samples Tested | Positive Rate (%) | Median (µg/kg) | Average Level (µg/kg) | Maximum Level (µg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | Aflatoxin (total) | 3711 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 92 |
| ZEA | 6185 | 47 | 28 | 100 | 57,147 | |
| DON | 6565 | 60 | 263 | 351 | 11,875 | |
| T-2 | 4156 | 32 | 15 | 3 | 1387 | |
| FUM | 4187 | 46 | 170 | 645 | 16,241 | |
| OTA | 3666 | 15 | 3 | 9 | 560 | |
| North America | Aflatoxin (total) | 1655 | 4 | 4 | 26 | 482 (corn) |
| ZEA | 1661 | 39 | 120 | 293 | 26,466 | |
| DON | 1604 | 75 | 474 | 789 | 43,517 | |
| T-2 | 1486 | 2 | 80 | 185 | 3153 | |
| FUM | 1655 | 48 | 827 | 2738 | 66,588 | |
| OTA | 1655 | 3 | 3 | 27 | 750 | |
| South and Central America | Aflatoxin (total) | 7258 | 19 | 3 | 5 | 179 |
| ZEA | 6724 | 46 | 61 | 149 | 43,852 | |
| DON | 6134 | 61 | 440 | 736 | 26,320 | |
| T-2 | 3474 | 20 | 33 | 41 | 321 | |
| OTA | 6759 | 71 | 3 | 1832 | 56,000 | |
| FUM | 2095 | 9 | 1120 | 7 | 86 | |
| Asia | Aflatoxin (total) | 3350 | 25 | 9 | 47 | 2495 |
| ZEA | 3247 | 62 | 44 | 145 | 11,786 | |
| DON | 3360 | 71 | 365 | 546 | 17,550 | |
| T-2 | 2873 | 7 | 22 | 31 | 169 | |
| OTA | 3225 | 81 | 501 | 1316 | 35,445 | |
| FUM | 2892 | 25 | 3 | 12 | 571 | |
| Middle East and North Africa | Aflatoxin (total) | 116 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| ZEA | 119 | 68 | 34 | 134 | 1928 | |
| DON | 119 | 78 | 225 | 497 | 5170 | |
| T-2 | 109 | 17 | 10 | 11 | 30 | |
| OTA | 119 | 76 | 307 | 769 | 8586 | |
| FUM | 111 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 7 | |
| Africa (without North Africa) | Aflatoxin (total) | 1059 | 7 | 4 | 28 | 1032 |
| ZEA | 1071 | 44 | 32 | 78 | 3091 | |
| DON | 1071 | 76 | 331 | 592 | 7254 | |
| T-2 | 1071 | 0 | 37 | 43 | 74 | |
| OTA | 1071 | 59 | 142 | 452 | 10,368 | |
| Aflatoxin (total) | 1059 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 84 |