Table 3.
Surgical outcomes of patients in different treatment arms.
| Surgical outcomes | All n=48 (%) |
Chemotherapy n=13 (%) |
Immunotherapy n=26 (%) |
Targeted therapy n=9 (%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical cancellation | 8 (14.0) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (10.0) | 1 (10.0) | |
| Surgical delay a | 5 (10.4) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Median time (w)(range) | 2.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 (2.0-8.0) | 2.0 | |
| Adverse event(s) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Tumor location | 0.696* | ||||
| LUL | 12 (25) | 5 (38.5) | 5 (19.2) | 2 (22.2) | |
| LLL | 6 (12.5) | 1 (7.7) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (11.1) | |
| RUL | 21 (43.8) | 5 (38.5) | 13 (50) | 3 (33.3) | |
| RML | 2 (4.2) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | |
| RLL | 7 (14.6) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Approach | 0.008* | ||||
| VATS | 30 (62.5) | 7 (53.8) | 14 (53.8) | 9 (100) | |
| Thoracotomy | 18 (37.5) | 6 (46.2) | 12 (46.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Type | 0.348* | ||||
| Segmentectomy | 2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Lobectomy | 19 (39.6) | 12 (92.3) | 25 (96.2) | 8 (88.9) | |
| Pneumonectomy | 1 (2.1) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Duration of surgery (min), median (range) | 90.0 (60.0-270.0) | 90.0 (60.0-210.0) | 90.0 (60.0-210.0) | 60.0(60.0-270.0) | 0.134* |
| ≤120min | 30 (62.5) | 8 (61.5) | 14 (53.8) | 8 (88.9) | |
| >120min | 18 (37.5) | 5 (38.5) | 12 (46.2) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Amount of bleeding (ml), median (range) | 100.0 (20.0-300.0) | 100.0 (50.0-300.0) | 100.0 (20.0-200.0) | 100.0 (100.0-300.0) | 0.240* |
| ≤100 ml | 32 (66.7) | 8 (61.5) | 16 (61.5) | 8 (88.9) | |
| >100 ml | 16 (33.3) | 5 (38.5) | 10 (38.5) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Surgical margin | 0.356* | ||||
| R0 | 45 (93.8) | 13 (100) | 24 (92.3) | 8 (88.9) | |
| R+ | 3 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (11.1) | |
| No. of drainage tubes | 0.843* | ||||
| 1 | 15 (31.3) | 4 (30.8) | 8 (30.8) | 3 (33.3) | |
| 2 | 33 (68.8) | 9 (69.2) | 18 (69.2) | 6 (66.7) | |
| No. of ICU transfer, | 20 (41.7) | 5 (38.5) | 13 (50.0) | 2 (22.2) | |
| median time (d) (range) | 1 (1-10) | 3 (1-10) | 1 (1-3) | 1 (1-1) | |
| Length of stay (d), median (range) | 6 (3-31) | 6 (3-15) | 6.5 (3-31) | 4 (3-7) | 0.120 |
| ≤6d | 29 (60.4) | 8 (61.5) | 13 (50.0) | 8 (88.9) | |
| >6d | 19 (39.6) | 5 (38.5) | 13 (50.0) | 1 (11.1) | |
| pT-TNM8 | 0.003* | ||||
| T0 | 5 (10.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0) | |
| T1b | 4 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (22.2) | |
| T1c | 9 (18.8) | 1 (7.7) | 7 (26.9) | 1 (11.1) | |
| T2a | 12 (25) | 8 (61.5) | 4 (15.4) | 0 (0) | |
| T2b | 10 (20.8) | 1 (7.7) | 4 (15.4) | 5 (55.6) | |
| T3 | 5 (10.4) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (11.1) | |
| T4 | 3 (6.3) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |
| pN-TNM8 | 0.314* | ||||
| N0 | 19 (39.6) | 3 (23.1) | 14 (53.8) | 2 (22.2) | |
| N1 | 6 (12.5) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (22.2) | |
| N2 | 22 (45.8) | 8 (61.5) | 9 (34.6) | 5 (55.6) | |
| N3 | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | |
| p-TNM8 | 0.014* | ||||
| Stage 0 | 5 (10.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0) | |
| IA | 5 (10.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0) | |
| IB | 6 (12.5) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (22.2) | |
| IIA | 3 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (22.2) | |
| IIB | 6 (12.5) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (11.5) | 0 (0) | |
| IIIA | 16 (33.3) | 7 (53.8) | 5 (19.2) | 4 (44.4) | |
| IIIB | 7 (14.6) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (19.2) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Pathological downstaging | |||||
| T stage | 0.069* | ||||
| Yes | 35 (72.9) | 9 (69.2) | 22 (84.6) | 4 (44.4) | |
| No | 13 (27.1) | 4 (30.8) | 4 (15.4) | 5 (55.6) | |
| N stage | 0.843* | ||||
| Yes | 24 (50) | 6 (46.2) | 14 (53.8) | 4 (44.4) | |
| No | 24 (50) | 7 (53.8) | 12 (46.2) | 5 (55.6) | |
| TNM stage | 0.736* | ||||
| Yes | 31 (64.6) | 8 (61.5) | 18 (69.2) | 5 (55.6) | |
| No | 17 (35.4) | 5 (38.5) | 8 (30.8) | 4 (44.4) | |
LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe; RUL, right upper lobe; RML, right middle lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery; No., number; pT-TNM8, pT stage according to TNM eighth edition; pN-TNM8, pN stage according to TNM eighth edition;
*likelihood ratio.
a
The patient in the chemotherapy arm experienced hemoptysis shortly after treatment, and subsequently received embolization at a local hospital.
The bold values denote statistical significance at P<0.05 level.