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. 2023 Aug 16;10:1159404. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1159404

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Copyright © 2023 Çetinarslan, Kümper and Fölster-Holst.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunopathogenesis of AD. Acute and chronic stages of AD and selected T-cell subpopulations and interleukins, other inflammatory cytokines and IgE antibodies, and selected cell populations ILC2, APCs, and eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and keratinocytes that play an important role in AD etiopathogenesis. Impaired skin barrier is associated with decrease in filaggrin protein, increase in TEWL, lipid alterations and cutaneous dysbiosis. Abbreviations: APC, antigen presenting cell; IFN, interferon; Ig E, immunoglobulin E; IL, interleukin; ILC2, innate lymphoid cell 2; S.aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; TEWL, transepidermal water loss; Th, T helper; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin cell.