Table 2.
Exosomes and Their Components as Therapeutic Targets for Ovarian Cancer.
| Biomarker | Trend | Type | Source | Recipient cells | Function | Mechanisms | Application | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-21 | Increase | miRNA | CAAs, CAFs | Cancer cells | Enhance chemoresistance | APAF1 | Therapeutic target | 41 |
| miR-21-5p | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells/plasma | Cancer cells | Enhance migration, invasion, tumor formation | CDK6 | Early detection in plasma/therapeutic target | 42 |
| miR-21-5p | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Enhance chemoresistance | PDHA1 | Therapeutic target | 43 |
| miR-429 | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Enhance chemoresistance | CASR | Therapeutic target | 44 |
| miR-6780b-5p | Increase | miRNA | Ascites | Cancer cells | Enhance EMT and metastasis | — | Therapeutic target | 45 |
| miR-130a | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells | Endothelial cells | Enhance angiogenesis | — | Therapeutic target | 46 |
| miR-205 | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells/ serum | Endothelial cells | Biomarker/enhance angiogenesis | PTEN-AKT | Early detection in serum/ Therapeutic target | 47 |
| miR-141-3p | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells | Endothelial cells | Enhance angiogenesis | JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB | Therapeutic target | 48 |
| miR-543 | Decrease | miRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Inhibit proliferation, tumor growth | IGF2 | Therapeutic target | 49 |
| CircRNA Foxo3 | Increase | CircRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Enhance proliferation, migration, invasion | miR-422a/PLP2 | Therapeutic target | 50 |
| circ-PIP5K1A | Increase | CircRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Enhance proliferation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance | miR-942-5p/nuclear factor I B (NFIB) | Therapeutic target | 51 |
| circ_0007841 | Increase | CircRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Enhance proliferation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance | miR532-5p/NFIB | Therapeutic target | 52 |
| CircRNA051239 | Increase | CircRNA | Cancer cells/plasma | Cancer cells | Enhance proliferation, migration, invasion | — | Therapeutic target | 53 |
| Cdr1as | Decrease | CircRNA | Cancer cells/serum | Cancer cells | Suppress chemoresistance | miR-1270/SCAI | Therapeutic target | 54 |
| CircFoxp1 | Increase | CircRNA | Cancer cells/serum | Cancer cells | Enhance chemoresistance | miR-22, miR-150-3p/CEBPG, FMNL3 | Therapeutic target | 55 |
| circNFIX | Increase | LncRNA | Cancer cells | Endothelial cells | Enhance angiogenesis | miR-518a-3p/TRIM44 | Therapeutic target | 56 |
| circIFNGR2 | Increase | LncRNA | CAFs | Cancer cells | Inhibit proliferation, EMT, metastasis, tumor growth | miR-378/ST5 | Therapeutic target | 57 |
| MALAT1 | Increase | LncRNA | Cancer cells/serum | Cancer cells | Enhance angiogenesis, tumor growth | MALAT1 | Therapeutic target | 58 |
| lncRNA ATB | Increase | LncRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells/endothelial cells | Enhance angiogenesis, tumor growth | miR-204-3p/TGFβR2 | Therapeutic target | 59 |
| lncRNA SOX2-OT | Increase | LncRNA | Cancer cells | Cancer cells | Enhance proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth | miR-181b-5p/SCD1 | Therapeutic target | 60 |
| miR-155-5p | Decrease | miRNA | Cancer cells | Macrophages | Inhibit tumor growth | PD-L1 | Therapeutic target | 61 |
| miR-29a-3p | Increase | miRNA | TAMs | Cancer cells | Enhance proliferation and immune escape | FOXO3-AKT/GSK3β | Therapeutic target | 62 |
| miR-200b | Increase | miRNA | Serum | Macrophages | Enhance M2 polarization, proliferation, invasion | KLF6 | Therapeutic target | 63 |
| miR-221-3p | Increase | miRNA | TAMs derived from ascites | Cancer cells | Enhance migration, EMT, chemoresistance | ADAMTS6/TGF-β1/EGFR-AKT | Therapeutic target | 64 |
| miR-330-3p | Increase | miRNA | Plasma cell | Cancer cells | Enhance tumor growth, metastasis | JAM2 | Therapeutic target | 65 |
| miR-7 | Increase | miRNA | TWEAK-stimulated macrophages | Cancer cells | Inhibit tumor growth, metastasis | EGFR/AKT/ERK1/2 | Therapeutic target/nanocarrier | 66 |
| miR-92b-3p | Decrease | miRNA | Peptide-engineered exosomes | Cancer cells | Inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis | SOX4 | Therapeutic target/nanocarrier | 67 |
| miR-484 | Decrease | miRNA | Peptide-engineered exosomes | Cancer cells/endothelial cells | Inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance | — | Therapeutic target/ nanocarrier | 68 |
| miR-497 | — | miRNA | Peptide-engineered exosomes | Cancer cells | Inhibit tumor growth, chemoresistance | PI3K/AKT/mTOR | Therapeutic target/nanocarrier | 69 |
| miR-21-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-181d-5p | Increase | miRNA | Hypoxic cancer cells | Cancer cells/ macrophages | Enhance proliferation, migration, tumor growth, M2 polarization, | — | Therapeutic target/ | 70 |
| miR-146a | Decrease | miRNA | hUCMSC | Cancer cells | Inhibit chemoresistance | LAMC2 and PI3K/Akt | Therapeutic target/ nanocarrier | 71 |
| miR-18a-5p | Decrease | miRNA | hMSC | Cancer cells | Inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, tumor growth | — | Therapeutic target/nanocarrier | 72 |
| piR-25783 | Increase | piRNA | Cancer cells | Omental fibroblasts/cancer cells | Enhance proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis to omentum | TGF-β/SMAD2/SMAD3 | Therapeutic target | 73 |
| miR-141 | Increase | miRNA | Cancer cells | Omental fibroblasts | Activated CAFs, promoted metastasis | YAP1/GROα/CXCRs | Therapeutic target | 74 |
| miR-29c-3p | Decrease | miRNA | Omental CAFs | cancer cells | Inhibit invasion, metastasis | MMP2 | Therapeutic target | 75 |
| — | — | exosome | NK cells | cancer cells | Increase cytotoxicity, chemosensitivity, activate immunosuppressive microenvironment | — | Therapeutic target | 76 |
| — | — | exosome | HGSC cells | NK cells | Downregulate NKG2d, inhibit cytotoxicity | — | Therapeutic target | 77 |
CAAs: cancer-associated adipocytes; EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; hUCMSCs: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; hMSCs: human mesenchymal stem cells; NK cells: natural killer cells.