Skip to main content
. 2023 Aug 30;14:5289. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41030-1

Fig. 4. Behavior of interfacial water at 55 nm Au@2.5 nm Ru surfaces and its effect on alkaline HER performance.

Fig. 4

a In situ Raman spectra of interfacial water at original Ru surfaces, Gaussian fits of three O–H stretching modes (νO–H) of 4-coordinated hydrogen-bonded water (4-HB·H2O), 2-coordinated hydrogen-bonded water (2-HB·H2O), and hydrated Na+ ion water (Na·H2O) are shown in red, blue, and green, respectively. b Schematic diagram of the states of interfacial species (interfacial water, *H, and *OH) at Ru surfaces during HER. c Frequency plot of changes in the νO–H in Raman spectra of interfacial water at original Ru surfaces. d Normalized Raman intensities of νO–H at original Ru surfaces over HER potentials. e The effect of interfacial water and *H on alkaline HER performance. The solution is 0.1 M NaOH. The white, red, orange, and cyan spheres represent H, O, Na, and Ru atoms, respectively.