Table 3.
Descriptive summary of outcomes at the 4 time points.
| Components | Time points | ||||||||
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||||||
| Total scores, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
ASIQ4a | 12.5 (7.9) | 12 (8.1) | 10.1 (9.4) | 16.1 (9) | ||||
|
|
BHS4b | 14.2 (4.8) | 14.8 (5.5) | 14.4 (4.7) | 14.6 (5.5) | ||||
|
|
INQc | 60.5 (17.8) | 55.8 (19.1) | 53.9 (20.2) | 57.5 (23.4) | ||||
|
|
INQ-PBd | 21.3 (8.7) | 20.3 (11.2) | 18.1 (10) | 19.6 (10.2) | ||||
|
|
INQ-TBe | 39.2 (11.4) | 35.5 (13.5) | 35.9 (12.5) | 37.9 (16) | ||||
| Breakdown of total scores by group, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
ASIQ4 | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 10.7 (7) | 14.6 (8.2) | 6.8 (3.9) | 15 (11.5) | |||
|
|
|
App | 14.5 (8.1) | 13.5 (10.2) | 17 (11.5) | 21.5 (2.1) | |||
|
|
|
TAUf | 12.3 (8.5) | 9.3 (7) | 7.7 (9.4) | 13.7 (10.4) | |||
|
|
BHS4 | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 14.4 (4.5) | 16.2 (5.4) | 16.3 (3.4) | 18 (7.2) | |||
|
|
|
App | 16 (5.1) | 16.8 (5.2) | 14.3 (4.6) | 11.5 (0.7) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 12.9 (4.6) | 12.7 (5.4) | 13.2 (5.7) | 13.3 (5) | |||
|
|
INQ | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 59.5 (17.1 | 57.8 (20.2) | 48.8 (17.5) | 65.3 (34.5) | |||
|
|
|
App | 63.6 (23.4) | 60.2 (23.7) | 60.5 (25.2) | 67 (11.3) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 59.2 (14.9) | 52.1 (15.6) | 53 (20.9) | 43.3 (13.3) | |||
|
|
INQ-PB | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 20.5 (8.8) | 24.8 (15.1) | 18.3 (8.5) | 21 (15) | |||
|
|
|
App | 21.9 (12.2) | 19.6 (11.2) | 21.8 (12) | 19.5 (0.7) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 21.5 (6.3) | 17 (7.2) | 15.5 (10.5) | 18.3 (11.6) | |||
|
|
INQ-TB | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 39.1 (9.8) | 33 (7.2) | 30.5 (11.2) | 44.3 (19.6) | |||
|
|
|
App | 41.7 (13.8) | 40.6 (17.8) | 38.8 (16.7) | 47.5 (12) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 37.7 (11) | 35.1 (14.1) | 37.5 (11.5) | 25 (6.1) | |||
| Participants reporting service compliance by group, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Yes | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 10 (91) | 4 (80) | 4 (100) | 2 (67) | |||
|
|
|
App | 9 (82) | 3 (75) | 3 (75) | 2 (100) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 15 (83) | 2 (29) | 2 (33) | 1 (33) | |||
| Participants seeking professional consultation by group, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Yes | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 9 (82) | 4 (80) | 4 (100) | 2 (67) | |||
|
|
|
App | 8 (73) | 3 (75) | 3 (75) | 2 (100) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 13 (72) | 2 (29) | 2 (33) | 1 (33) | |||
| Participants seeking informal help by group, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Yes | ||||||||
|
|
|
Volunteer | 9 (82) | 3 (60) | 3 (75) | 1 (33) | |||
|
|
|
App | 7 (64) | 2 (50) | 3 (75) | 2 (100) | |||
|
|
|
TAU | 11 (61) | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) | |||
aASIQ4: 4-item short-form Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire.
bBHS4: 4-item short-form Beck Hopelessness Scale.
cINQ: Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire.
dINQ-PB: Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-Perceived Burdensomeness items.
eINQ-TB: Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-Thwarted Belongingness items.
fTAU: treatment as usual.