Table 11.
Mean (%) mortality ± standard error (SE) of T. molitor adults and larvae after 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 1–7 days on wheat treated with A. oleracea n-hexane and methanol extracts at two different concentrations
| Adults | n-Hexane extract 500 ppm | n-Hexane extract 1000 ppm | Methanol extract 500 ppm | Methanol extract 1000 ppm | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 h | 0.0 ± 0.0B | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0E | - | - |
| 8 h | 0.0 ± 0.0B | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0E | - | - |
| 16 h | 0.0 ± 0.0Bb | 0.0 ± 0.0Db | 3.3 ± 1.7Dab | 4.4 ± 1.8Da | 3.6 | 0.02 |
| 1 day | 1.1 ± 1.1Bc | 3.3 ± 1.6CDbc | 8.9 ± 2.0Cab | 10.0 ± 1.7Ca | 7.5 | < 0.01 |
| 2 days | 2.2 ± 1.5ABb | 5.6 ± 1.8BCDb | 36.7 ± 6.0Ba | 43.3 ± 4.7Ba | 28.9 | < 0.01 |
| 3 days | 3.3 ± 1.7ABb | 6.7 ± 2.4ABCDb | 63.3 ± 6.5ABa | 68.9 ± 4.2ABa | 34.0 | < 0.01 |
| 4 days | 4.4 ± 1.8ABb | 8.9 ± 2.0ABCb | 72.2 ± 6.2ABa | 93.3 ± 2.9Aa | 36.2 | < 0.01 |
| 5 days | 5.6 ± 2.4ABb | 12.2 ± 2.8ABCb | 80.0 ± 5.8ABa | 100.0 ± 0.0Aa | 29.8 | < 0.01 |
| 6 days | 8.9 ± 3.5ABb | 17.8 ± 4.0ABb | 86.7 ± 4.4Aa | 100.0 ± 0.0Aa | 20.0 | < 0.01 |
| 7 days | 13.3 ± 4.4Ab | 24.4 ± 3.8Ab | 91.1 ± 2.6Aa | 100.0 ± 0.0Aa | 16.5 | < 0.01 |
| F | 3.8 | 9.6 | 101.2 | 138.5 | ||
| P | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| Larvae | ||||||
| 4 h | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 8 h | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 16 h | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 1 day | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 1.1 ± 1.1D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 2.2 ± 1.5C | 1.3 | 0.28 |
| 2 days | 2.2 ± 1.5CDc | 16.7 ± 3.7Cb | 0.0 ± 0.0Dc | 55.6 ± 2.4Ba | 54.6 | < 0.01 |
| 3 days | 4.4 ± 1.8Cc | 44.4 ± 4.4Bab | 18.9 ± 2.0Cb | 76.7 ± 3.7ABa | 40.6 | < 0.01 |
| 4 days | 17.8 ± 3.2Bb | 76.7 ± 5.0ABa | 44.4 ± 3.8Ba | 88.9 ± 3.9ABa | 20.0 | < 0.01 |
| 5 days | 44.4 ± 3.4Ac | 95.6 ± 2.4Aa | 66.7 ± 2.9Ab | 93.3 ± 2.9ABa | 54.6 | < 0.01 |
| 6 days | 68.9 ± 4.2Ab | 97.8 ± 2.2Aa | 75.6 ± 3.8Ab | 94.4 ± 2.4ABa | 16.1 | < 0.01 |
| 7 days | 86.7 ± 3.3Abc | 100.0 ± 0.0Aa | 80.0 ± 4.4Ac | 97.8 ± 1.5Aab | 10.2 | < 0.01 |
| F | 82.9 | 216.7 | 1659.0 | 375.9 | ||
| P | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
Within each row, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (df = 3, 35; Tukey's HSD test at P = 0.05). Within each column, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (df = 9, 89; Tukey's HSD test at P = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded. Where dashes exist, no statistical analysis was performed