Table 6.
Mean (%) mortality ± standard error (SE) of A. siro adults and nymphs after 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 1–7 days on wheat treated with A. oleracea n-hexane and methanol extracts at two different concentrations
| Adults | n-Hexane extract 500 ppm | n-Hexane extract 1000 ppm | Methanol extract 500 ppm | Methanol extract 1000 ppm | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 h | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 8 h | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 16 h | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 1 day | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 2 days | 2.2 ± 1.5BC | 3.3 ± 1.7D | 3.3 ± 1.7CD | 6.7 ± 1.7C | 1.4 | 0.26 |
| 3 days | 4.4 ± 2.4BC | 13.3 ± 3.3C | 8.9 ± 2.6C | 12.2 ± 2.8BC | 2.5 | 0.07 |
| 4 days | 7.8 ± 2.7Bb | 26.7 ± 2.9Ba | 16.7 ± 2.9Ba | 25.6 ± 6.5Ba | 8.4 | < 0.01 |
| 5 days | 27.8 ± 3.6Ab | 55.6 ± 5.0ABa | 45.6 ± 5.3Ab | 57.8 ± 7.4Aa | 5.9 | < 0.01 |
| 6 days | 35.6 ± 3.8Ac | 83.3 ± 2.9Aa | 52.2 ± 5.2Ab | 80.0 ± 4.4Aa | 21.2 | < 0.01 |
| 7 days | 45.6 ± 5.0Ab | 100.0 ± 0.0Aa | 57.8 ± 6.2Ab | 94.4 ± 2.9Aa | 19.6 | < 0.01 |
| F | 42.7 | 106.4 | 69.7 | 114.7 | ||
| P | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| Nymphs | ||||||
| 4 h | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 8 h | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 16 h | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 1 day | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 2 days | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0C | 0.0 ± 0.0D | 0.0 ± 0.0D | - | - |
| 3 days | 4.4 ± 1.8Bb | 13.3 ± 2.4Ba | 5.6 ± 2.4Cb | 13.3 ± 3.3Ca | 2.9 | 0.05 |
| 4 days | 7.8 ± 1.5B | 20.0 ± 3.3B | 16.7 ± 3.7B | 30.0 ± 5.8BC | 2.6 | 0.07 |
| 5 days | 15.6 ± 1.8Ac | 36.7 ± 4.1Aab | 24.4 ± 4.1ABbc | 48.9 ± 4.8ABa | 14.4 | < 0.01 |
| 6 days | 24.4 ± 2.9Ab | 47.8 ± 4.0Aa | 26.7 ± 4.4ABb | 57.8 ± 4.3Aa | 13.4 | < 0.01 |
| 7 days | 26.7 ± 2.4Ac | 50.0 ± 3.7Ab | 38.9 ± 2.6Ab | 68.9 ± 6.1Aa | 24.0 | < 0.01 |
| F | 60.4 | 209.1 | 63.7 | 94.9 | ||
| P | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
Within each row, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (df = 3, 35; Tukey's HSD test at P = 0.05). Within each column, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (df = 9, 89; Tukey's HSD test at P = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded. Where dashes exist, no statistical analysis was performed