Summary of findings 4. Acupressure versus placebo or control for people receiving dialysis.
| Acupressure versus placebo or control for people receiving dialysis | ||||||
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Patient or population: people receiving dialysis Settings: multinational Intervention: acupressure Comparison: placebo or control | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (RCTs) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Placebo or control | Acupressure | |||||
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Fatigue [PFS, revised PFS, FI] median follow‐up: 1 month |
The mean score for fatigue ranged across control groups from 4.7 to 125.1 (PFS, revised PFS, FI) | The standardised mean of fatigue in the intervention group was 0.64 lower than the control group (95% CI 1.03 lower to 0.25 lower) | ‐‐ | 459 (6) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2,3 | Acupressure may reduce fatigue compared to placebo or control in people undergoing HD |
| Weakness | Not reported | Not reported | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | No studies reported this outcome |
| Energy | Not reported | Not reported | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | No studies reported this outcome |
| Tiredness | Not reported | Not reported | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | No studies reported this outcome |
| Exhaustion | Not reported | Not reported | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | No studies reported this outcome |
| Asthenia | Not reported | Not reported | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | ‐‐ | No studies reported this outcome |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk Ratio; PFS: Piper Fatigue Scale; revised PFS: revised Piper Fatigue Scale; FI: Fatigue Index; HD: haemodialysis. | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to study limitations
2 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to imprecision (Optimal Information Size (OIS)) not met and indirectness in outcome measure
3 Evidence certainty was downgraded by one level due to inconsistency