Outcome	Definition
ADL: Activities of Daily Living	Eight questions: they range from 0, meaning they have no difficulty, to 2, which means they can not do it even with help
Asthenia	Scored as slight if fatigue appeared at less than 60 sec of exercise A and at less than 30 ascents and descents during exercise B, intense at less than 15 sec of exercise A and at less than 10 ascents and descents of exercise B. Moderate degree of asthenia was between the two extremes
BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory	21 questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week expressed as common symptoms of anxiety. Each question has the same set of four possible answer choices (0 (never) and 3 (critically)). The total score ranges from 0 to 63 points, with higher scores meaning more anxiety
BDI: Beck Depression Inventory	21‐question multiple‐choice self‐report inventory for measuring the severity of depression. The total score ranges from 0 to 63 points, with higher total scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms
BFI: Brief Fatigue Inventory	Checklist with 10 questions so that the first question asks if the respondents had felt fatigue over the last week. Other questions ask about level of fatigue felt by the respondent at the time, normal and highest level of fatigue over the past 24 h, and the effects of fatigue on their general activity, mood, ability to walk, communicate with others, and enjoying life. The questions are designed based on an 11‐point scale (0‐10) so that 'zero' is the best possible condition and 10 is the worst. Eventually, total fatigue level of the patient is calculated as the total score of the questions 2‐10 (9 questions) divided by nine
Bouchard's PAL	Activities are categorized into 9 levels, with 1 as the least intense (0.26 kcal/kg/15 min) and 9 as the highest intensity (1.96 kcal/kg/15 min
CES‐D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale	Scores ≥ 16 indicate clinically meaningful symptoms
COPM: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure	Individuals asked to rate, on a 10‐point Likert scale, his/her performance in each of three self‐selected priority activities of everyday living. Higher scores out of 10 indicate better performance/satisfaction with performance
Cramps	Frequency, severity, site, and duration of the cramps were recorded and scored as slight when they lasted less than 5 mm; moderate 5 to 10 mm; intense more than 10 mm
ENRICH questionnaire	One of these 10 items assessed sexual satisfaction. The total score was the sum of positive and negative items and ranged from 10 to 50
EQ‐5D: EuroQol‐5 dimension health questionnaire	Number 1 indicates the best state of health (perfect health) and 0 the worst state of health (death)
Fatigue Management Questionnaire	Individuals asked to rate various aspects of their fatigue management (e.g. overall impact on life participation; satisfaction; self‐efficacy), out of 10, on 5‐point Likert‐scale questions. Scores are then summed and averaged for each of two subscales (Performance Subscale and Satisfaction Subscale), with higher scores out of 10 indicating better fatigue management)
Fatigue score	HD patients fatigue scale developed by Chung and Kao: fatigue was measured on a five‐point rating scale inquiring about 25 essential symptoms of fatigue, with 5 indicating the most fatigue and 1 the least
FI: Fatigue Index questionnaire	Each domain rated from 1 to 5, recorded hourly during the entire study period on a fatigue intensity form as follows: 0, none; 1, mild (noticeable but without effect); 2, moderate (felt sluggish); 3, severe (required rest); or 4, overwhelming (slept). The maximal fatigue score recorded within 6 hours after dialysis or at similar time periods on non‐dialysis days (baseline) was used to rate the level of fatigue for the period in question
FSS: Fatigue Severity Score	Nine questions, which questions 1–4 and 6 focus on the quality of fatigue, questions 5–7 and 9 are about physical and mental fatigue and their effects on the social life of individuals, and question 8 measures the severity of fatigue. The score range for each question is between 1 and 7, with a score of 1 for absolute disagreement and a score of 7 for absolute agreement. The total score range of the questionnaire is between 7 and 63, so a score of 36 or higher is an indication of fatigue. Hence, higher scores are indicative of higher fatigue
GAD: Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Brief 7‐item self‐report scale on the basis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, with items scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day)
HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	14‐item self‐report screening scale that comprises 7 items for each of the Anxiety and Depression subscales. The questionnaire assesses symptoms over the preceding week. Each item is scored on a 4‐point Likert scale, giving maximum subscale scores of 21 for depression and anxiety
HFS: Haemodialysis Fatigue scale	26 items; it used a 4‐point scoring, from rarely or never happening) to often happening (3). A higher score means worse fatigue
HSS: Haemodialysis Stressor Scale	5‐point Likert‐type scale (always: 5,mostly: 4, sometimes: 3, rarely: 2, and never). The Physiological Hemodialysis Stressor subscale score ranges between 6 and 30, and the Psychosocial Hemodialysis Stressor subscale score varies between 23 and 115. The total HSS score can range from 29 to 145. The higher the scores, the higher the perceived stress levels are
Health Utilities Index	This is an interval scale that can vary in theory between 0 (death) and 1 (perfect health)
IFS: Iowa Fatigue Scale	Eleven questions determined the level of fatigue (four questions were in cognitive aspects, a pair of questions were about physical fatigue, three questions were about energy rate and pair of questions were about work output). Fatigue score range was from 11 to 55. Score indicated the minimum fatigue rate, and 55 was maximum rate
IPOS‐Renal: Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale‐Renal	All symptoms cores are reported on a 0 to 4 scale (0=not at all, 1=slightly, 2=moderately, 3=severely, 4=overwhelmingly bothered) and indicate the effect of the symptom on the respondent over the past week
ItchyQoL: QoL questionnaire fo patients with pruritus	Consists of 27 questions. The answers to each question consist of five levels: never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always, which are scored from 1 to 5, respectively
KDQ: Kidney Disease Questionnaire	Follows a 7‐point Likert‐type scale (7 = no problem, 1 = a severe problem) with higher scores indicating better health‐related quality of life. A clinically meaningful difference in KDQ score was a 0.5 point change, and a mean change of 1.0 represented a large clinical change
KDQOL‐SF: Kidney Disease Quality of Life‐Short Form	43 items related to the quality of life in relation to kidney patients, with 36 items related to general health. Specific dimensions of the questionnaire include: symptoms and the list of problems (12 items), the effect of kidney disease (8 items), the burden of kidney disease (4 items), job performance (2 items), cognitive function (3 items), the quality of social relationships (3 items), sexual function (2 items), sleep (4 items), social support (2 items), medical) staff support (2 items), and general health status (1 item). 22 Different questions have different answer options. As to scoring, each question is scored in a scale ranging from 0 (worst health) to 100 (best health)
LEVIL: London Evaluation of Illness	Subject responses were rated from 0 (worst symptoms) to 100 (no symptoms
MFI‐20: Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory	Each dimension includes four items, and responses are score based on a 5‐point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue. Total score of each dimension ranges between 4 and 20, and the total fatigue score ranges between 20 and 100. Scores of 20‐41 indicate mild fatigue, scores of 48‐74 indicate moderate fatigue, and scores of 75‐100 indicate severe fatigue
MFIS: Modified Fatigue Impact Scale	A 21‐item Likert‐based scale that assesses the effects of fatigue on physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Scores are summed to produce an overall score out of 84, with higher scores indicating worse fatigue impact
PHQ‐9: Patient Health Questionnaire‐9	Brief 9‐item self‐report scale on the basis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV criteria for major depressive disorder, in which each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day)
PFS: Piper Fatigue Scale	Includes a total of 27 items and evaluates subjective perception of the patients on fatigue under four subscales. Responses for each item were scored between 0‐10 points. The total fatigue score was obtained by summing the points of 22 items, then dividing the sum into the number of items. High scores signify a high level of perceived fatigue
PROMIS‐Fatique Short Form	Seven items about energy or exhaustion
PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Scale comprised 18 items and 7 component scores. Every component was evaluated from 0 to 3. The total of these component points yielded the total score of the scale, which ranged from 0 to 21. A high score (5 or above) indicated poor sleep quality. Sleep quality classified as good (0–4) and poor (5–21)
RNLI: Reintegration to Normal Living Index	Assesses the degree to which individuals who have experienced traumatic or incapacitating illness achieve reintegration into normal activities, using 11 declarative statements each accompanied by a 10‐point visual analogue scale. Scores are then added to produce an overall score out of 110, with higher scores indicating better reintegration to normal living
SF‐12: 12‐item Short Form Health Survey	Higher Mental Component Scores and Physical Component scores indicate better HRQoL
SF‐36: 36‐item Short Form Health Survey	Eight subscales include physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, social function, role limitation due to emotional problems, mental health, fitness/fatigue, pain, and understanding of general health. By calculating the scores obtained from the subscales, 2 main scale scores are obtained; physical and mental scales. Each subscale score ranges from 0 to 100. The physical and mental scale scores are also between 0 and 100. Zero indicates the worst and 100 indicates the best health condition
SMMT: Standardized Mini Mental Test	Covers five main areas and consists of 11 items, takes approximately 10 min to complete. The highest score obtainable from the SMMT is 30. In the SMMT, a score of 24–30 points is considered normal, 20–23 is considered to indicate light/mild dementia, 10–19 to indicate intermediate/mid‐stage dementia, and 0–9 to indicate advanced dementia
SNAG: Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire	Maximum score of 20 and a score < 14 indicates poor appetite
SONG‐HDF: Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology‐Haemodialysis Fatigue	Assesses the severity of fatigue, and its impact on daily living, in people on maintenance haemodialysis using 3 Likert‐style questions. Scores are summed to produce a total score out of 9, with higher scores indicating worse fatigue
STAI / STAI‐Y1: State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory	Composed of 20 items concerning state anxiety. 4‐point Likert scale: 1 = “not at all”; 2 = “a little”; 3 = “enough”; and 4 = “very much.” The final score is obtained by sum of the responses to the individual items and can vary from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 80. A higher score indicates a greater level of anxiety in the subject) with scores ≥ 40 indicating elevated anxiety
Symptoms related to orthostatic hypotension questionnaire	Assessed using a 4‐point rating scale; severe (daily activities were greatly disturbed by the symptom), moderate (daily activities were disturbed by symptoms), mild (patients were aware of the symptoms, but daily activities were not disturbed), and asymptomatic (there was no symptom at all and patients were not bothered by any symptoms). The improvement for each symptom or the global improvement rating was assessed using a 6‐point rating scale (marked improvement (4 or higher), moderate improvement (3 or 2 and if patients have no new symptoms), slight improvement (2 or 1 and if patients have no new symptoms), no changes (±1, 0), aggravation (‐2 or less, or if patients develop new symptoms), asymptomatic (if patients have no new symptoms)
VAS: Visual Analogue Scale	Numbers were placed at equal intervals on a horizontal line. The presence of the worst value was rated the highest point (e.g. 10 on a 10‐point scale) Example: 1‐3 mild; 4‐6 moderate; 7‐10 severe
WHOQOL‐BREF: WHO Quality of Life ‐ brief form	26 items; it used a 5‐point Likert scale. Items 3, 4 and 26 are scored in reverse. A higher score represents better quality of life
World Health Adverse Reactions Terminology	Haemorrhage: epistaxis, gastric ulcer haemorrhagic, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, haematoma, haematuria, haemoptysis, nose haemorrhage, rectal haemorrhage, haemothorax, oral haemorrhage, peptic ulcer haemorrhagic, vaginal haemorrhage, and cystitis haemorrhagic Infection: fever, herpes zoster, infection, bacterial infection, fungal infection, influenza‐like symptoms, peritonitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and tooth caries Vascular access problems: arteriovenous fistula loss or thrombosis, device‐related complications, permanent dialysis catheter loss, and thrombosis Surgical intervention Anaemia and related symptoms: anaemia, asthenia, fatigue, and malaise Cardiovascular: blood pressure fluctuation, cardiac failure, chest pain, coronary artery disorder, dizziness, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarction, non‐site‐specific vascular disorder, palpitations, pericarditis, peripheral gangrene, pulmonary oedema, and vascular disorder Respiratory: coughing, cyanosis, dyspnoea, and atrial fibrillation Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, anorexia, ascites, ulcerative colitis, diarrhoea, gastric ulcer, hepatic cirrhosis, intestinal obstruction, nausea, oesophagitis, and vomiting Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, arthritis, arthropathy, back pain, bone disorder, fall, fracture pathologic, injury, leg pain, myalgia, skeletal pain, and ankylosing spondylitis Skin: folliculitis, pruritus, purpura, rash, skin disorder, and skin ulceration Neurologic: cerebellar infarction, cerebral atrophy, cerebrovascular disorder, coma, confusion, gait abnormal, headache, hearing decreased, insomnia, ischial neuralgia, somnolence, and abnormal vision Miscellaneous: acidosis, allergic reaction, anxiety, aggravated diabetes mellitus, dysuria, hydronephrosis, hyperkalaemia, hyperparathyroidism, hypoglycaemia, nail disorder, non‐site‐specific embolism, thrombosis, oedema, generalized oedema, peripheral oedema, pain, renal cyst, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, transplant rejection, Wegener’s granulomatosis, weight decrease