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. 2023 Aug 31;24:508. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09597-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Comparison of functional capacity between the polar and deep-earth (PD) group Halorubrum and the reference group. (a) Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots of CAZymes (carbohydrate-active enzymes) and nitrogen and sulfur cycling genes constructed based the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity. Analysis of the mean number of genes related to CAZymes, the nitrogen cycle and the sulfur cycle revealed a significant difference between the two groups (PERMANOVA; p < 0.05). The hulls indicate the 95% confidence intervals for a multivariate t-distribution for the respective groups of Halorubrum. (b) Summary of nitrogen cycling genes in Halorubrum; red up-arrows indicate genes that were enriched in the PD group. (c) The genes involved in organic and inorganic sulfur transformation pathways are shown in blue boxes; the red up-arrows denote the overrepresentation of these genes in the PD group Halorubrum. Modified from Yu et la., 2020. Note that the NMDS stress values of N and S cycling genes fall into the 0.2–0.3 category