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. 2023 Aug 30;16:305. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05908-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

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Fig. 1 — The hypothesis of the formation process of the microsporidian polar filament. A In the early proliferate stages, the GC-like structure (G) is considered as clusters of vesicles derived from the nucleus (N) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). B The GC-like structure gradually appears as tubules. C With the tubular network (TN) formed, the PTPs are concentrated and modified in the TN and gradually accumulate at its edge. D With the assembly of PTPs, the core and envelope of the polar filaments are first formed. E, F They further develop into layers to develop mature polar filaments