Table 2.
Metabolites significantly causally associated with severe COVID-19.
| Metabolite | Method | nSNP | OR (95%CI) | pmr | Q value | ppleio | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-nonadecenoate (19:1n9) | IVW | 6 | 0.242 (0.067-0.878) | 0.031 | 0.707 | 0.359 | e5 |
| 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate | IVW | 8 | 0.563 (0.374-0.847) | 0.006 | 0.502 | 0.484 | e5 |
| 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate | IVW | 2 | 0.393 (0.206-0.75) | 0.005 | 0.926 | NA | e6 |
| 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine | IVW | 3 | 0.133 (0.018-0.978) | 0.047 | 0.678 | 0.603 | e5 |
| 2-hydroxybutyrate | IVW | 3 | 0.083 (0.008-0.829) | 0.034 | 0.888 | 0.865 | e6 |
| 2-linoleoylglycerophosphocholine | IVW | 2 | 27.594 (1.519-501.151) | 0.025 | 0.299 | NA | e6 |
| 2-linoleoylglycerophosphocholine | Wald ratio | 1 | 132.581 (2.261-7774.598) | 0.019 | NA | NA | e7, e8 |
| 2-stearoylglycerophosphocholine | IVW | 10 | 2.881 (1.108-7.493) | 0.03 | 0.387 | 0.954 | e5 |
| 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 1 | IVW | 4 | 0.581 (0.367-0.919) | 0.02 | 0.352 | 0.366 | e6 |
| 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 1 | IVW | 2 | 0.513 (0.318-0.825) | 0.006 | 0.597 | NA | e7, e8 |
| 4-hydroxyhippurate | Wald ratio | 1 | 0.214 (0.052-0.891) | 0.034 | NA | NA | e6 |
| acetylcarnitine | IVW | 3 | 0.14 (0.023-0.858) | 0.034 | 0.628 | 0.891 | e6 |
| acetylcarnitine | IVW | 2 | 0.1 (0.014-0.7) | 0.02 | 0.817 | NA | e7, e8 |
| alpha-glutamyltyrosine | IVW | 12 | 1.941 (1.119-3.367) | 0.018 | 0.816 | 0.932 | e5 |
| alpha-glutamyltyrosine | Wald ratio | 1 | 3.389 (1.022-11.242) | 0.046 | NA | NA | e6, e7, e8 |
| alpha-hydroxyisovalerate | IVW | 8 | 0.261 (0.102-0.664) | 0.005 | 0.838 | 0.886 | e5 |
| aspartylphenylalanine | Wald ratio | 1 | 3.23 (1.021-10.216) | 0.046 | NA | NA | e7, e8 |
| carnitine | IVW | 9 | 0.121 (0.017-0.869) | 0.036 | 0.67 | 0.545 | e8 |
| cis-4-decenoyl carnitine | IVW | 8 | 2.461 (1.202-5.038) | 0.014 | 0.952 | 0.838 | e5 |
| cis-4-decenoyl carnitine | IVW | 4 | 2.585 (1.171-5.708) | 0.019 | 0.564 | 0.985 | e6 |
| cis-4-decenoyl carnitine | IVW | 2 | 2.9 (1.221-6.883) | 0.016 | 0.768 | NA | e7, e8 |
| citrulline | IVW | 4 | 0.026 (0.001-0.607) | 0.023 | 0.572 | 0.323 | e7 |
| decanoylcarnitine | IVW | 3 | 2.721 (1.278-5.795) | 0.009 | 0.309 | 0.737 | e8 |
| dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate | IVW | 2 | 0.237 (0.071-0.792) | 0.019 | 0.271 | NA | e7, e8 |
| gamma-glutamylisoleucine | Wald ratio | 1 | 0.004 (0-0.865) | 0.044 | NA | NA | e6 |
| gamma-glutamylthreonine | IVW | 6 | 4.644 (1.225-17.604) | 0.024 | 0.456 | 0.905 | e5 |
| hexanoylcarnitine | IVW | 2 | 2.404 (1.094-5.285) | 0.029 | 0.383 | NA | e6, e7 |
| hexanoylcarnitine | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.636 (1.168-5.951) | 0.02 | NA | NA | e8 |
| HWESASXX | IVW | 4 | 3.133 (1.025-9.583) | 0.045 | 0.946 | 0.884 | e5 |
| laurate (12:0) | IVW | 9 | 0.094 (0.009-0.942) | 0.044 | 0.358 | 0.712 | e6 |
| myo-inositol | IVW | 26 | 5.617 (1.86-16.964) | 0.002 | 0.676 | 0.939 | e5 |
| myo-inositol | IVW | 5 | 24.491 (2.129-281.774) | 0.01 | 0.917 | 0.421 | e6 |
| myo-inositol | IVW | 2 | 75.109 (2.544-2217.927) | 0.012 | 0.863 | NA | e7 |
| N-acetylalanine | IVW | 4 | 97.063 (2.029-4643.843) | 0.02 | 0.732 | 0.745 | e6 |
| octanoylcarnitine | IVW | 12 | 1.901 (1.094-3.304) | 0.023 | 0.728 | 0.385 | e5 |
| octanoylcarnitine | IVW | 6 | 2.13 (1.177-3.857) | 0.013 | 0.712 | 0.888 | e6 |
| octanoylcarnitine | IVW | 3 | 2.343 (1.253-4.384) | 0.008 | 0.663 | 0.613 | e7 |
| octanoylcarnitine | IVW | 2 | 2.386 (1.251-4.549) | 0.008 | 0.38 | NA | e8 |
| pseudouridine | IVW | 5 | 0.005 (0-0.178) | 0.003 | 0.428 | 0.874 | e6 |
| scyllo-inositol | IVW | 7 | 0.44 (0.196-0.988) | 0.047 | 0.851 | 0.776 | e5 |
| taurodeoxycholate | Wald ratio | 1 | 0.435 (0.213-0.891) | 0.023 | NA | NA | e6 |
| urate | IVW | 3 | 265.964 (2.552-27719.17) | 0.019 | 0.454 | 0.428 | e6 |
| urate | Wald ratio | 1 | 13946.58 (4.065-47843971) | 0.022 | NA | NA | e7 |
| X-04494 | IVW | 2 | 24.449 (1.106-540.287) | 0.043 | 0.277 | NA | e6 |
| X-10346 | Wald ratio | 1 | 1.928 (1.141-3.257) | 0.014 | NA | NA | e6 |
| X-11438 | IVW | 21 | 1.972 (1.018-3.819) | 0.044 | 0.164 | 0.914 | e5 |
| X-11485 | Wald ratio | 1 | 4.45 (1.369-14.469) | 0.013 | NA | NA | e6 |
| X-11497 | IVW | 8 | 7.303 (1.381-38.614) | 0.019 | 0.686 | 0.637 | e5 |
| X-11792 | IVW | 13 | 1.363 (1.032-1.799) | 0.029 | 0.509 | 0.728 | e5 |
| X-11792 | IVW | 5 | 1.562 (1.075-2.27) | 0.019 | 0.367 | 0.558 | e6 |
| X-11858 | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.717 (1.25-5.907) | 0.012 | NA | NA | e8 |
| X-12013 | IVW | 3 | 1.478 (1.058-2.064) | 0.022 | 0.89 | 0.939 | e6 |
| X-12013 | Wald ratio | 1 | 1.478 (1.04-2.101) | 0.029 | NA | NA | e7 |
| X-12188 | IVW | 7 | 1.205 (1.012-1.434) | 0.036 | 0.809 | 0.684 | e6 |
| X-12244 | IVW | 14 | 3.536 (1.008-12.408) | 0.049 | 0.284 | 0.048 | e5 |
| X-12442 | Wald ratio | 1 | 3.566 (1.04-12.224) | 0.043 | NA | NA | e6, e7, e8 |
| X-12850 | Wald ratio | 1 | 0.308 (0.096-0.985) | 0.047 | NA | NA | e8 |
| X-13477 | IVW | 5 | 6.383 (1.082-37.654) | 0.041 | 0.347 | 0.887 | e5 |
| X-13553 | IVW | 8 | 0.231 (0.055-0.976) | 0.046 | 0.036 | 0.075 | e5 |
| X-14056 | IVW | 6 | 0.244 (0.085-0.702) | 0.009 | 0.665 | 0.532 | e5 |
| X-14086 | IVW | 11 | 2.321 (1.218-4.422) | 0.01 | 0.639 | 0.271 | e5 |
| X-14086 | IVW | 3 | 3.11 (1.061-9.115) | 0.039 | 0.498 | 0.984 | e6 |
| X-14086 | Wald ratio | 1 | 4.736 (1.028-21.819) | 0.046 | NA | NA | e7, e8 |
| X-14189 | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.505 (1.016-6.172) | 0.046 | NA | NA | e6, e7, e8 |
| X-14208 | Wald ratio | 1 | 3.905 (1.309-11.649) | 0.015 | NA | NA | e8 |
| X-14304 | Wald ratio | 1 | 2.741 (1.018-7.38) | 0.046 | NA | NA | e8 |
| X-18601 | IVW | 2 | 0.22 (0.069-0.696) | 0.01 | 0.823 | NA | e8 |
Note: nSNP, number of selected IVs; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; pmr, MR analysis p value; Q value, Cochran test Q value; ppleio, pleiotropy test p value; Level, IVs screen p value level; e5, p<1×10-5; e6, p<1×10-6; e7, p<1×10-7; e8, p<1×10-8; NA, not applicable.