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. 2023 Aug 7;9(8):e19020. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19020

Table 9.

Elemental analysis of acidified industrial wastewater before and after adsorption using Gd16-AIS QDs.

Element Ag Ti Pb Cr Ni Zn
Concentration before adsorption (ppm) 47.7 0.3 0.2 0.6 3.1 2.1
Concentration after adsorption (ppm) **ND **ND **ND **ND **ND **ND
%Ag removal 100 100 100 100 100 100

*ND = Not detected below 0.01 ppm **ND = Not detected below 0.05 ppm.