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. 2023 Aug 30;11:25151355231192043. doi: 10.1177/25151355231192043

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© The Author(s), 2023

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — A summarized overview of mechanisms of action of various immune checkpoints and immune cell components. Signals induced by each immune checkpoint and the interaction via immune mediators are schematically depicted.