Table 2. Association of Prenatal SSRI Use and Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms With Global and Subcortical Brain Volumes^a.

	Cerebral gray matter volume		Cerebral white matter volume		Amygdala volume		Hippocampus volume
	β, mean (SE), mm3	P value	β, mean (SE), mm3	P value	β, mean (SE), mm3	P value	β, mean (SE), mm3	P value
Prenatal SSRI exposure
Group	−20 212.2 (7285.6)	.006b	−16 336.7 (4167.2)	<.001b	−159.1 (31.3)	<.001b	−209.2 (197.9)	.06
Group × age	651.7 (1787.5)	.71	1548.8 (432.2)	.004	43.3 (13.4)	.006b	11.7 (14.4)	.35
Combined exposure effectc	6.3	.03	13.6	<.001b	15.3	<.001b	4.1	.12
SSRI use before pregnancy
Group	4123.5 (7760.8)	.82	4035.3 (5249.9)	.34	−18.5 (79.2)	.82	15.4 (129.2)	.82
Group × age	655.8 (1315.8)	.61	1373.4 (752.8)	.06	4.3 (12.6)	.70	−5.1 (15.5)	.74
Combined exposure effectc	2.3	.31	2.6	.38	0.1	.96	1.1	.58
Prenatal depression exposure
Group	−708.5 (4655.5)	.41	−3819.4 (4025.1)	.59	−41.9 (47.8)	.11	41.1 (163.4)	.58
Group × age	338.7 (756.4)	.71	1495.2 (357.1)	<.001b	5.2 (6.2)	.52	−1.6 (7.3)	.82
Combined exposure effectc	3.9	.14	22.5	<.001b	3.2	.19	0.8	.65
Postnatal depression exposure only
Group	−3505.0 (7565.4)	.65	−4772.5 (5453.4)	.17	−35.4 (50.3)	.56	−10.0 (124.2)	.84
Group × age	126.3 (656.4)	.56	763.7 (673.5)	.25	6.5 (7.2)	.62	3.9 (13.8)	.77
Combined exposure effectc	1.3	.42	3.6	.20	0.2	.87	1.5	.45

Abbreviation: SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

^a Linear mixed-effect models were used to test the associations. The fully adjusted model corrected for child sex and age at the neuroimaging assessment and maternal age at intake, national origin, marital status, educational level, substance use (tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol), benzodiazepine use during pregnancy, and monthly household income. Intracranial volume was additionally adjusted for subcortical volumes.

^b Indicates a significant association after a false discovery rate correction for multiple testing.

^c From likelihood ratio tests.