Table 3.

Comparisons of the changes from baseline to the end of the intervention for biochemical parameters.

Variables		BJ + MeD	MeD	BJ	Control	**p value
		Mean ± SD
Liver Enzymes
S. Bilirubin	Before	1.46 ± 0.3	1.27 ± 0.4	1.15 ± 0.2	1.44 ± 0.3	<0.001
	After	0.87 ± 0.1	1.16 ± 0.2	0.72 ± 0.1	1.50 ± 0.3	<0.001
	*p value	<0.001	0.155	<0.001	0.431
AST	Before	63.53 ± 8.80	61.32 ± 7.79	61.43 ± 8.85	63.85 ± 8.78	0.349
	After	59.16 ± 7.34	58.63 ± 7.87	58.18 ± 6.33	61.11 ± 6.93	0.014
	*p value	0.150	<0.001	<0.001	0.101
ALT	Before	46.75 ± 6.61	44.44 ± 7.18	37.63 ± 3.45	46.89 ± 5.71	<0.001
	After	42.87 ± 6.50	38.06 ± 7.30	36.61 ± 5.87	44.50 ± 6.56	<0.001
	*p value	0.010	<0.001	0.320	0.059
ALP	Before	121.8 ± 5.7	119.3 ± 6.5	119.0 ± 8.5	120.2 ± 3.1	<0.001
	After	114.8 ± 6.8	117.4 ± 6.3	113.6 ± 7.6	122.0 ± 3.6	<0.001
	*p value	<0.001	0.316	<0.001	<0.001
Lipid Profile
S.TG	Before	243.1 ± 14.3	240.4 ± 13.3	233.5 ± 14.1	173.8 ± 12.6	<0.001
	After	175.5 ± 10.6	217.9 ± 10.6	217.6 ± 11.6	175.7 ± 14.6	<0.001
	*p value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.494
S. Cholesterol	Before	244.9 ± 28.8	232.5 ± 19.4	228.9 ± 6.2	224.6 ± 16.8	<0.001
	After	188.8 ± 15.8	219.6 ± 5.3	210.5 ± 3.7	221.1 ± 16.7	<0.001
	*p value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.304
LDL	Before	142.4 ± 9.2	143.5 ± 11.0	140.2 ± 9.2	147.1 ± 11.2	<0.001
	After	128.8 ± 6.3	130.7 ± 5.4	132.2 ± 5.8	135.7 ± 9.7	<0.001
	*p value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
HDL	Before	30.2 ± 5.1	33.1 ± 4.8	29.8 ± 3.9	30.9 ± 3.9	<0.001
	After	41.5 ± 3.2	39.8 ± 3.8	36.6 ± 4.2	28.8 ± 4.01	<0.001
	*p value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Data presented as Mean ± SD, p value obtained by *Paired t-test and **One-way Anova. BJ + MeD, beetroot juice and Mediterranean diet; MeD, Mediterranean diet; BJ, beetroot juice.