Table 1.

Mendelian randomisation (MR) results of causal effects between gut microbiome and the risk of osteoporosis.

Group	Bacterial traits	Nsnp	Methods	SE	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Order	NB1n	14	MR Egger	0.003	0.996 (0.990, 1.002)	0.214
			Weighted median	0.001	0.998 (0.997, 1.000)	0.103
			Inverse variance weighted	0.001	0.998 (0.997, 0.999)	0.038
			Simple mode	0.002	0.999 (0.996, 1.002)	0.412
			Weighted mode	0.002	0.999 (0.996, 1.002)	0.393
Genus	Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group	14	MR Egger	0.003	0.991 (0.985, 0.997)	0.013
			Weighted median	0.002	0.997 (0.994, 1.001)	0.177
			Inverse variance weighted	0.001	0.996 (0.994, 0.999)	0.003
			Simple mode	0.003	0.998 (0.992, 1.004)	0.576
			Weighted mode	0.004	0.998 (0.991, 1.005)	0.604
Genus	Howardella	10	MR Egger	0.003	1.006 (0.999, 1.012)	0.152
			Weighted median	0.001	1.001 (0.999, 1.003)	0.506
			Inverse variance weighted	0.001	1.002 (1.000, 1.003)	0.033
			Simple mode	0.002	1.000 (0.997, 1.003)	0.812
			Weighted mode	0.002	1.000 (0.997, 1.004)	0.809
Genus	Christensenellaceae R.7 group	10	MR Egger	0.005	0.993 (0.983, 1.004)	0.233
			Weighted median	0.002	0.996 (0.991, 1.000)	0.049
			Inverse variance weighted	0.002	0.996 (0.993, 1.000)	0.028
			Simple mode	0.004	0.993 (0.985, 1.001)	0.112
			Weighted mode	0.004	0.993 (0.985, 1.001)	0.131
Genus	Eubacterium oxidoreducens group	5	MR Egger	0.005	1.000 (0.991, 1.010)	0.924
			Weighted median	0.002	1.001 (0.998, 1.005)	0.374
			Inverse variance weighted	0.001	1.003 (1.000, 1.005)	0.046
			Simple mode	0.002	1.001 (0.997, 1.005)	0.592
			Weighted mode	0.002	1.001 (0.998, 1.005)	0.558

SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; MR, mendelian randomization; SE, standard error; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.