Table 7.
Mendelian randomisation (MR) results of causal effects between gut microbiome and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
| Group | Bacterial traits | Nsnp | Methods | SE | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Clostridia | 9 | MR Egger | 0.648 | 1.589 (0.447, 5.655) | 0.497 |
| Weighted median | 0.187 | 1.386 (0.960, 2.000) | 0.092 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.143 | 1.368 (1.033, 1.812) | 0.029 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.316 | 1.475 (0.793, 2.742) | 0.231 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.293 | 1.420 (0.800, 2.521) | 0.229 | |||
| Family | Christensenellaceae | 9 | MR Egger | 0.317 | 0.727 (0.390, 1.354) | 0.348 |
| Weighted median | 0.164 | 0.765 (0.554, 1.055) | 0.104 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.133 | 0.750 (0.578, 0.973) | 0.031 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.230 | 0.790 (0.503, 1.240) | 0.293 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.213 | 0.772 (0.509, 1.171) | 0.252 | |||
| Family | Clostridialesvadin BB60 group | 12 | MR Egger | 0.231 | 1.101 (0.700, 1.732) | 0.715 |
| Weighted median | 0.119 | 1.307 (1.036, 1.649) | 0.020 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.084 | 1.200 (1.018, 1.416) | 0.032 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.208 | 1.405 (0.934, 2.114) | 0.139 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.159 | 1.400 (1.025, 1.914) | 0.089 | |||
| Family | Desulfovibrionaceae | 9 | MR Egger | 0.280 | 1.202 (0.695, 2.080) | 0.531 |
| Weighted median | 0.146 | 1.302 (0.978, 1.734) | 0.095 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.111 | 1.253 (1.008, 1.558) | 0.042 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.239 | 1.270 (0.795, 2.028) | 0.335 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.193 | 1.320 (0.905, 1.927) | 0.162 | |||
| Family | Oxalobacteraceae | 12 | MR Egger | 0.313 | 0.782 (0.424, 1.444) | 0.450 |
| Weighted median | 0.086 | 0.774 (0.654, 0.915) | 0.002 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.065 | 0.792 (0.698, 0.899) | <0.001 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.127 | 0.778 (0.607, 0.997) | 0.059 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.125 | 0.776 (0.608, 0.991) | 0.047 | |||
| Family | Streptococcaceae | 13 | MR Egger | 0.498 | 1.535 (0.578, 4.078) | 0.408 |
| Weighted median | 0.157 | 1.596 (1.173, 2.173) | 0.003 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.114 | 1.296 (1.038, 1.620) | 0.022 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.226 | 1.578 (1.012, 2.460) | 0.071 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.222 | 1.597 (1.033, 2.470) | 0.051 | |||
| Genus | Desulfovibrio | 9 | MR Egger | 0.304 | 1.066 (0.588, 1.935) | 0.839 |
| Weighted median | 0.135 | 1.101 (0.845, 1.433) | 0.484 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.106 | 1.255 (1.020, 1.544) | 0.032 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.236 | 1.122 (0.706, 1.781) | 0.625 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.163 | 1.070 (0.777, 1.472) | 0.688 | |||
| Genus | Oxalobacter | 9 | MR Egger | 0.370 | 0.897 (0.435, 1.850) | 0.777 |
| Weighted median | 0.093 | 0.800 (0.667, 0.959) | 0.014 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.068 | 0.825 (0.722, 0.943) | 0.005 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.137 | 0.874 (0.668, 1.143) | 0.335 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.137 | 0.795 (0.608, 1.040) | 0.111 | |||
| Genus | Ruminococcaceae UCG002 | 18 | MR Egger | 0.366 | 0.326 (0.159, 0.667) | 0.007 |
| Weighted median | 0.133 | 0.802 (0.618, 1.040) | 0.102 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.096 | 0.805 (0.667, 0.971) | 0.023 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.251 | 0.706 (0.432, 1.154) | 0.192 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.218 | 0.725 (0.473, 1.112) | 0.145 | |||
| Genus | Ruminococcaceae UCG013 | 9 | MR Egger | 0.556 | 1.485 (0.499, 4.418) | 0.501 |
| Weighted median | 0.174 | 1.529 (1.087, 2.150) | 0.019 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.130 | 1.365 (1.057, 1.763) | 0.017 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.243 | 1.557 (0.966, 2.510) | 0.118 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.223 | 1.531 (0.990, 2.369) | 0.097 | |||
| Genus | Turicibacter | 9 | MR Egger | 0.519 | 1.224 (0.442, 3.385) | 0.709 |
| Weighted median | 0.133 | 1.144 (0.882, 1.483) | 0.322 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.098 | 1.218 (1.005, 1.476) | 0.044 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.220 | 1.093 (0.710, 1.681) | 0.677 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.197 | 1.103 (0.750, 1.623) | 0.614 | |||
| Order | Bacillales | 6 | MR Egger | 0.269 | 0.808 (0.476, 1.369) | 0.472 |
| Weighted median | 0.087 | 0.875 (0.737, 1.038) | 0.139 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.069 | 0.850 (0.743, 0.972) | 0.018 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.120 | 0.892 (0.705, 1.128) | 0.383 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.103 | 0.900 (0.735, 1.101) | 0.367 | |||
| Order | Clostridiales | 10 | MR Egger | 0.594 | 1.289 (0.402, 4.132) | 0.680 |
| Weighted median | 0.179 | 1.256 (0.885, 1.783) | 0.215 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.132 | 1.349 (1.042, 1.748) | 0.023 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.263 | 1.386 (0.829, 2.319) | 0.244 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.233 | 1.309 (0.828, 2.067) | 0.298 | |||
| Phylum | Cyanobacteria | 7 | MR Egger | 0.410 | 0.728 (0.326, 1.627) | 0.474 |
| Weighted median | 0.136 | 0.752 (0.576, 0.981) | 0.028 | |||
| Inverse variance weighted | 0.107 | 0.783 (0.635, 0.965) | 0.022 | |||
| Simple mode | 0.197 | 0.740 (0.502, 1.089) | 0.164 | |||
| Weighted mode | 0.182 | 0.746 (0.522, 1.064) | 0.153 |
SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; MR, mendelian randomization; SE, standard error; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.