FIGURE 3.

Key enzymes, proteins and pathways of natural products regulating glycolysis process in liver cancer. Natural products regulate glycolysis in three ways. First, natural products affect the glycolysis of liver cancer cells by directly regulating glycolytic enzymes. Secondly, natural products can inhibit liver cancer cell glycolysis through PI3K, Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK pathways. Finally, natural products may regulate genes related to glycolysis by regulating oncogenes c-MYC, HIF-1α, etc., thus changing the metabolic pathway of liver cancer. HK, hexokinase; PFK, Phosphofructokinase; PK, pyruvate kinase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; GLUT, glucose transporters; MCTs, Monocarboxylate transporters; HIF-1α, Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha; AMPK, AMP-dependent protein kinase; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.