TABLE 3.

Natural products regulate glycolysis via glycolytic enzymes in liver cancer.

Name	Origin	Target glycolytic enzymes	Regulatory mechanism	Dose	Cell line/Experiment	References
Quercetin	Vegetables and fruits	HK2	downregulate	12.5,25,50 μM and 50 mg/kg	SMMG-7721, BEL-7402 cells and BALB/c nude mice	Wu et al. (2019a)
Baicalein	Scutellaria baicalensis	HK2	downregulate	5,10 and 20 μM	SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells	(郭舜 et al., 2021)
Rhein	rhubarb	HK2	downregulate	5,10,20,40,60,80 μM	SMMC-7721 and SMMC-7721/DOX cells	Wu et al. (2019b)
Proanthocyanidin B2	Vegetables and fruits	PKM2	downregulate	10,20,40,60,80,100,120 and 140 μM	HCC-LM3, SMMC-7721, Bel-7402, Huh-7 and HepG2 cells	Feng et al. (2019)
Oviductus ranae protein hydrolysate	Rana temporaria chensinensis David	PKM2	downregulate	400 ug/mL for HepG2 cells and 450 ug/mL for Hep3B cells	Hep3B, HepG2 cells and clinical samples	Xu et al. (2018)
Astragalin	Botanical drugs, vegetables and fruits	HK2	downregulate	11,33 μM and 10,20 mg/kg	HepG2, Huh-7, HL-7702, H22 cells and Kunming mice, athymic nude mice	Li et al. (2017c)
Chrysin	Botanical drugs	HK2	downregulate	15,30,60 μM and 30 mg/kg	HepG2, Hep3B, Huh-7, HCC-LM3, Bel-7402, SMMC-7721 and nu/nu athymic nude mice	Xu et al. (2017)
Shikonin	Lithospermum erythrorhizon	PKM2	downregulate	1,2,3 μM and 5 mg/kg	HCC-LM3, SMMC-7721, Huh-7, HepG2 cells and BALB/c nude mice	Liu et al. (2020)
Icaritin	Epimedium	GLUT1	downregulate	2.5,5 and 10 μM	HepG2, HCC-LM3 cells and nude mice	Zheng et al. (2021)
Chlorogenic acid	Plants	GLUT4	downregulate	25,50 and 100 μg/mL	HepG2 cells	Chen et al. (2019)
Oleuropein	Olives	GPI	downregulate	1,10,25,100,250 μM and 200 mg/kg	HepG2, HuH-7 cells and Balb/c mouse	Hong et al. (2023)
Erianin	Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl	PC	downregulate	10,20,30,40,50,100,200 and 400 nM	HepG2, MHCC97, SK-Hep-1 and HCC-LM3 cells	Sheng et al. (2022)
Zerumbone	Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith	Glucose-6-phosphate	downregulate	50,100,150,200 µM and 20 mg/kg	HepG2, Hep3B, Sk-Hep-1, SNU-182, SNU-449, HCC-LM3 cells and NSG mice	Wani et al. (2018)
α-tomatine	Tomato	LDHA, MCT4	downregulate	0.5,1,15,2 and 2.5 µM	HuH-7 cells	(何志龙 et al., 2022)
Neochamaejasmin A	Stellera chamaejasme	PK, LDH	downregulate	10,20,40,80 μg/mL	HepG2 cells	(丁杨芳 et al., 2019)
Genistein	Soybeans	HK2, GLUT1	downregulate	20,40,60,80,100,140 µM and 20,40,80 mg/kg	HCC-LM3, SMMC-7721, Hep3B, Bel-7402, Huh-7 cells and athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice	Li et al. (2017b)
Dauricine	Menispermum dauricum DC.	HK2, PKM2	downregulate	2 μg/mL and 10 mg/kg	HepG2, Huh-7, Hep3B and athymic nude mice	Li et al. (2018)
Deoxyelephantopin	Elephantopus scaber L	HK2, PFK1, PKM2	downregulate	0.625,1.25,2.5,5,10,20,40 and 80 µM	HepG2 cells	(吴红雁 et al., 2023)
Physcion	Rheum officinale Baill	HK2, PFKFB3, PKM2	downregulate	1.25,2.5,5,10,20 and 40 µM	HepG2 cells	(陶正娣 et al., 2022)
Triptolide	Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f	HK2, PKM2, LDHA	downregulate	10,40,60 and 100 nM	SMMC-7721 cells	(李恬 et al., 2020)
Morusin	Morus alba	HK2, PKM2, LDH	downregulate	2.5,5,10,20 and 40 μM	Huh7 and Hep3B cells	Cho et al. (2021)
Apigenin	Vegetables and fruits	HK2, LDHA, PDHK1	downregulate	20,40,80 μM and 400 mg/kg	HepG2 cells and athymic nude mice	(张睿 et al., 2020)
Curcumin	Curcuma longa L	LDHA, MCT1	downregulate	1,2,5,10 μM	HepG2 and HuT78 cells	Soni et al. (2020)
Licorice roots extract	Glycyrrhiza glabra L	HK2, PKM2, LDHA	downregulate	1.562–200 mg/mL	HepG2 cells	Abdel-Wahab et al. (2021)
Scopolin	Smilax china L	GPI, GPD2, PGK2	downregulate	25,50,100,200 μM and 20,50,100 mg/kg	HepG2 cells and BALB/c mice	Wang et al. (2022a)
Extract of Nigella sativa	Nigella sativa	HK, GAPDH	downregulate	1 g/kg	Wister Albino rats	Abdel-Hamid et al. (2013)
Rhizoma Paridis Saponins	Rhizoma Paridis	HK2, PKM2, LDHA, GLUT1	downregulate	100 mg/kg	Kunming mice	Qiu et al. (2016)