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. 2023 Aug 17;14:1199513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199513

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Copyright © 2023 Flies, Langermann, Jensen, Karsdal and Willumsen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Three potential strategies to overcome tumor ECM/collagen-mediated immune suppression. 1) Developing therapeutics that targets ECM-immune cell receptors such as interfering with the immunosuppressive role of LAIR-1 by treatment with LAIR-2/NC410. 2) Developing combination strategies with therapeutics such as TGF-β inhibitors or LOX inhibitors that may target the tumor ECM for normalization and thereby improve efficacy of immunotherapy (anti-PD-1) combination strategies. 3) Directing and localizing therapeutics such as cytokines to the TME by fusing cytokines to ECM targeting agents for tumor localization. Figure created with BioRender.com.