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XBP1 is required for optimal HCoV-OC43 infection. HCT-8 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting XBP1 or non-targeting control siRNA and then infected with HCoV-OC43. RNA was harvested 48-hour post-infection, and the relative abundance of spliced XBP1 (A), ERDJ4 (B), and HCoV-OC43 viral RNA (C) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Data are means ± SD of six replicates and are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.01, **P < 0.005 by unpaired t-test.
