Fig 13.

Model of EV biogenesis regulation and FLC susceptibility in C. neoformans. Specific gene mutations and FLC exposure can trigger diverse cellular responses, including changes in the expressions of drug efflux-associated genes, of the azole target gene, and in EVs biogenesis. Gat5 inhibits the expression of AFR1 and AFR3, which can affect the intracellular FLC levels, while subinhibitory concentration of FLC can inhibit EV production. Hap2/3/5 and Gat5 regulate EV production, and cellular lipid homeostasis. The differential regulation of these cellular processes may determine FLC resistance phenotypes in this fungal pathogen. Schematic model created in BioRender.