Table 4.

Pre-injury comorbidities.

Variable	Frequency (% of total)		p-value (male vs. female)
Traumatic brain injury (including concussion)	n = 152 (32.1%)	M: 68 (36.6%)	0.0972
		F: 84 (29.3%)
Anxiety	n = 110 (23.3%)	M: 26 (14.0%)	0.0001**
		F: 84 (29.3%)
Depression	n = 108 (22.8%)	M: 26 (14.0%)	0.0002**
		F: 82 (28.6%)
Other mental illnesses*	n = 25 (5.3%)	M: 8 (4.3%)	0.4411
		F: 17 (5.9%)
Migraine	n = 62 (13.1%)	M: 11 (5.9%)	0.0001**
		F: 51 (17.8%)
ADHD	n = 32 (6.8%)	M: 15 (8.1%)	0.3651
		F: 17 (5.9%)
Sleep disorder	n = 25 (5.3%)	M: 11 (5.9%)	0.6228
		F: 14 (4.9%)

The chi-square test for binary variables and the Mantel–Haenszel chi-square test for variables with > 3 stratification levels. Multiple comparisons controlled by false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment, raw p < 0.05 that were equal or more extreme than FDR adjusted p-value were deemed significant.

^*Other mental illnesses include post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 10), bipolar disorders (n = 8), eating disorders (n = 3), phobia (n = 2), panic disorder (n = 1), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 1).

^**p < 0.001.