Table 3.

Study design and baseline characteristics of studies reporting economic burden of immunoglobulin A nephropathy

Author (year)	Study design	Country	Year range for data collection	Measures reported	Inclusion criteria	Study population and patient characteristics
Barbour et al. (2018) [22]	Population-level, observational, retrospective, cohort study using administrative health data	BC, Canada	2000–2013	Population-level costs in 2016 Canadian dollars, of immunosuppressive medications used to treat IgAN The primary outcome was the mean cost of immunosuppressive medications per treated patient each year after kidney biopsy	All adult patients in BC (18 years of age or older) with a diagnosis of GN on a native kidney biopsy between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012.	Population: n = 756 Mean age: 44.6 years Sex: 61.6% male Mean time from diagnosis: 3.7 years Stage of disease: 23.7% progressed to ESKD
Carlassara et al., (2021) [23]	Assessment of the economic costs of non-assisted home hemodialysis using the case of a single IgAN patient in rural Italy	Italy	2013–NR	The total amount of the economic resources reported in euros for hemodialysis (HD) comprising: HD equipment, healthcare workers, and ambulance transportation. Reported in Euros (cost year not reported)	NR	Population: n = 1 Age: 50 years Sex: 100% male
Hiragi et al. (2018) [24]	Cost-effectiveness models Base-case analysis used previously reported IgAN epidemiology data; survival analysis used the European VALIGA study IgAN cohort Mortality data obtained complete life tables from Ontario, Canada (2009–2011). Mortality data for dialysis patients obtained from Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy (2013)	Models had Japanese perspective IgAN inputs from European studies	NR	Cost-effectiveness model selection for CKD Primary outcomes: QALYs, costs, and ICER of no intervention versus intervention in CKD patients in USD Secondary outcomes: renal survival rate of virtual CKD cohort using VALIGA-derived parameters as well as base-case [31] parameters for both models following immunosuppressant therapy Cost year, source of costs, and model perspective not reported	Model represented CKD progression using IgAN inputs	Population: n = 30,000 Initial age: 37 years
Ishida et al. (2022) [25]	Cost analysis using an analytical decision model. Decision tree compared two clinical scenarios: the intervention strategy as screening with novel biomarkers (group N) and the control strategy as conventional screening (group C).	Japan	NR	Cost analysis of biomarker screening for IgA nephropathy in Japanese Yen. Cost year not reported. Base-case and sensitivity analysis	NA	NA
Li et al. (2018) [26]	Retrospective cohort study using the national inpatient database	China	January 2010–December 2015	Costs and HRU in 2015 Chinese Yuan	Patients with the presence of nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis were defined as having GN.	Population: n = 11,569 Mean age: 37.7 years Sex: 51.1% male Disease severity: 2% acute kidney injury; 6.4% nephrotic syndrome

NR not reported, ACEi/ARBs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, GN glomerulonephritis, BC British Columbia, HRU healthcare resource use, ESKD end-stage kidney disease