Table 5.
Related reports on pseudo ALT fractures.
| Authors | Year | Mechanism of occurrence | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Van Houwelingen and Duncan7 | 2011 | Non-cemented stem displaced under load with an unrecognised intraoperative fracture; may occur during rehabilitation | Longer stem revision and cerclage cable fixation |
| Capello et al.8 | 2014 | An unrecognised intraoperative fracture Geometry of the tapered stem |
6 treated with ORIF; 3 treated without surgery |
| Huang et al.15 | 2018 | Proximal loosening of femoral prosthesis and poor-quality bone bed | Longer stem revision and internal fixation |
| Karam et al.16 | 2020 | Anatomical and wedge design non-cemented stems | Revision and cerclage wire fixation |
| González-Martín, et al.17 | 2022 | – | Longer stem revision and internal fixation |
| Egrise et al.9 | 2022 | An occult intraoperative fracture |
9 VB-LT1 (without subsidence) and 6 VB-LT2 in poor health treated nonoperatively; 13 VB-LT2 (with subsidence) with stem exchange and cerclage; 3 with isolated stem exchange; 2 with internal fixation by cerclage |
ORIF, open reduction and internal fixation.