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. 2023 Aug 19;9(9):e19128. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19128

Table 5.

Historical Land Use Land cover Changes trend and Annual rate between 1992, 2007 and 2022.

LULC Classes 1992
2007
2022
Net Change (km2)
Percentage Change (%)
Rate of change per year
km2 % km2 % km2 % 1992–2007 2007–2022 1992–2022 1992–2007 2007–2022 1992–2022 1992–2007 2007–2022 1992–2022
Water Body 102.6 1 80.67 0.79 74.72 0.73 −21.94 −5.95 −27.89 −21.38 −7.38 −27.18 −1.60 −0.51 −2.11
Forest Land 2472 24.1 1554.6 15.2 1415 13.7 −917.26 −139.7 −1057 −37.11 −8.99 −42.76 −3.09 −0.63 −3.72
Grazing Land 908.6 8.86 690.42 6.73 422.1 4.11 −218.16 −268.3 −486.47 −24.01 −38.9 −53.54 −1.83 −3.28 −5.11
Cultivated L. 6570 64 7691.5 75 8080 79.2 1121.3 388.01 1509.34 17.07 5.04 22.97 1.05 0.33 1.38
Settlement 205.8 2.01 241.83 2.36 267.8 2.36 36.04 25.95 61.99 17.51 10.73 30.12 1.08 0.68 1.76