Table 2.
Studies of Helicobacter pylori and biliary diseases
| Year | Reference | Condition | Method of diagnosis | Specimen | HP in subjects | HP in control | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Eslami et al. [71] | Cholelithiasis | H&E stain | Biopsy samples | 85 (50.9%) | - | 0.561 |
| Kucuk et al. [72] | Gallbladder cancer, chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis | Giemsa stain | Paraffin-embedded tissues | 68 (31.9%) | - | 0.010 (gallbladder cancer) 0.018 (chronic cholecystitis) |
|
| 2020 | Mahmood et al. [73] | Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis | PCR | Gallbladder tissues | 5 (11.4%) | 2 (0.06%) | 0.24 |
| Makkar et al. [74] | Biliary tract cancer, liver cancer | Serology | - | 74 | 357 | - | |
| Zhang et al. [50] | Polyps and cholelithiasis | Urea breath test | - | 12,735 (45.7%) | - | 0.110 | |
| 2019 | Kerawala et al. [75] | Cholelithiasis | Serology | - | 34 (75.6%) | 39 (86.7%) | 0.178 |
| Ari et al. [76] | Cholelithiasis | Giemsa stain | Stomach tissues, gallbladder tissues | 3 (11.1%) | 5 (15.2%) | 0.647 | |
| Cherif et al. [77] | Cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, biliary tract cancer | H&E stain | Biopsy samples | 48 (53.9%) | - | < 0.001 (cholelithiasis) < 0.05 (cancer) |
|
| 2018 | Fatemi et al. [78] | Cholecystitis | PCR | Gallbladder tissues | 8 (15.4%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.048 |
| Xu et al. [8] | Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps | Serology | - | 7,803 (43.4%) | - | 0.101 (cholelithiasis) 0.012 (age-adjusted for cholelithiasis) 0.275 (cholecystitis) 0.033 (polyps) |
|
| 2016 | Dar et al. [79] | Choledocholithiasis | PCR | Bile samples | 20 (40.0%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.01 |
| 2015 | Hassan et al. [55] | Gallbladder cancer | Giemsa stain | Gallbladder tissues | 25 (50.0%) | - | 0.049 (metaplasia or dysplasia) |
| Guraya et al. [80] | Cholelithiasis | Serology | - | 75 (78.9%) | 12 (40.0%) | 0.001 | |
| Zhang et al. [45] | Cholelithiasis | Urea breath test | - | 3,410 (34.0%) | - | < 0.001 | |
| 2014 | Helaly et al. [14] | Cholecystitis | Immunohistochemistry | Gastric tissues, gallbladder tissues | 30 | - | 0.008 (gallbladder neck) 0.002 (gallbladder body) |
| Takahashi et al. [46] | Cholelithiasis | Serology | - | 15,551 | - | < 0.001 | |
| 2013 | Attaallah et al. [81] | Cholelithiasis | Rapid urease test, Giemsa stain, immunohistochemistry | Gastric tissues, gallbladder tissues | Gastric: 47 (58.8%) Gallbladder: 21/94 (22.3%) |
- | 0.0001 |
| Zhou et al. [39] | Cholecystitis, Gallbladder cancer | WS stain | Gallbladder tissues | 64 (16.9%) | - | 0.022 (metaplasia) | |
| 2012 | Bansal et al. [65] | Cholelithiasis | Urea breath test, H&E stain, Giemsa & WS stain, PCR | Gallbladder tissues | 16 (32.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.025 |
| 2011 | Abro et al. [82] | Cholecystitis | Serology, histopathology, rapid urease test, gram stain | Gallbladder tissues, bile | 55 (55.0%) | - | 0.03 |
| Yakoob et al. [83] | Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, | H&E stain, WS stain, immunohistochemistry, PCR | Gallbladder tissues, bile | 22 (24.7%) | 5 (9.1%) | 0.02 | |
| 2007 | Chen et al. [84] | Cholecystitis | WS stain, PCR, immunohistochemistry | Gallbladder tissues | 35 (46.1%) | 16 (44.4%) | > 0.05 |
| 2005 | Boomkens et al. [68] | Primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis | PCR | Liver tissue | 9 (29.0%) | 10 (34.5%) | Not significant |
| 2003 | Silva et al. [85] | Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis | Culture, PCR | Gallbladder tissues, bile | Gallbladder tissue: 20 (31.3%) Bile: 24 (42.9%) |
- | 0.8 (cholelithiasis) 0.0003 (cholecystitis) |
| 2000 | Nilsson et al. [25] | Primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis | PCR | Liver | 20 (83.3%) | 1 (4.3%) | < 0.00001 |
HP, Helicobacter pylori; H&E stain, hematoxylin and eosin stain; WS stain, Warthin–Starry stain; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.