TABLE 2.

Harmful effects of some PTEs on human health.

PTEs	Harmful effect	References
As	Carcinogenic and interferes with essential cellular processes such as oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis	Tripathi et al. (2007)
Cd	Kidney damage, renal disorder, Itai-Itai (excruciating pain in the bone), hepatic damage, cancer, and hypertension	Kurniawan et al. (2006)
Cr	Carcinogenic, hair loss and has an adverse potential to modify the DNA transcription process	Vilar et al. (2007)
Pb	Renal failure; increased risk for development of cardiovascular disease, encephalopathy, seizures and intellectual disability	Padmavathiamma and Li (2007)
Ni	Dermatitis, nausea, chronic asthma, coughing, bronchial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal distress, weakness and dizziness	Dahiya et al. (2008)
Cu	Brain, liver and kidney damage, insomnia	Kurniawan et al. (2006)
Zn	High dosages can cause dizziness and fatigue	Plum et al. (2010)