Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of association of knowledge and behaviors factors with their diabetes risk levels.
| Item | Categories | N(%) |
Family history of DM |
Diabetes Risk test |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 95%CI | P-value | No * | Higher risk | 95%CI | p-value | Low/ no risk ** | |||
| Drinking good amount of soft drinks | Yes | 617(86.7) | 420(85.4) | 2.1(1.7–2.6) | < 0.0001 | 197(90.0) | 308(92.5) | 1.3(0.8–1.5) | 0.03 | 311(81.8) |
| Sometime | 54(7.6) | 46(9.3) | 5.7(2.4–13.3) | < 0.0001 | 8(3.7) | 18(5.4) | 0.50(0.2–0.9) | 0.04 | 36(9.5) | |
| No | 40(5.6) | 26(5.3) | 1.8(0.84–4.0) | 0.12 | 14(6.4) | 7(2.1) | 0.2(0.08–0.5) | 0.001 | 33(8.7) | |
| Consuming lots of animal products | Yes | 222(31.1) | 148(30.1) | 2.0(1.43–2.7) | 0.0001 | 74(33.8) | 129(38.7) | 1.4(1.0–1.9) | 0.04 | 93(24.5) |
| Sometime | 132(18.5) | 90(18.3) | 2.1(1.38–3.3) | 0.0007 | 42(19.2) | 66(19.8) | 1(0.6–1.5) | 1 | 66(17.4) | |
| No | 359(50.4) | 254(51.6) | 2.4(1.8–3.2) | < 0.0001 | 103(47.0) | 138(41.4) | 0.62(0.4–0.8) | 0.003 | 221(58.2) | |
| Eating more vegetables | Yes | 39(5.5) | 31(6.3) | 3.8(1.5–9.4) | 0.003 | 8(3.7) | 10(3.0) | 0.34(0.14–0.8) | 0.01 | 29(7.6) |
| Sometime | 24(3.4) | 14(2.8) | 1.4(0.52–3.7) | 0.5 | 10(4.6) | 16(4.8) | 2.0(0.7–5.5) | 0.18 | 8(2.1) | |
| No | 650(91.2) | 447(90.9) | 2.2(1.8–2.7) | < 0.0001 | 201(91.8) | 307(92.2) | 1.1(0.7–1.3) | 0.24 | 343(90.3) | |
| Eating lots of fruits | Yes | 157(22.0) | 112(22.8) | 2.4(1.6–3.7) | < 0.0001 | 45(20.5) | 70(21.0) | 0.8(0.54–1.1) | 0.26 | 87(22.9) |
| Sometime | 37(5.2) | 23(4.7) | 1.6(0.73–3.6) | 0.22 | 14(6.4) | 24(7.2) | 1.8(0.81–4.1) | 0.14 | 13(3.4) | |
| No | 519(72.8) | 357(72.6) | 2.2(1.7–2.7) | < 0.0001 | 160(73.1) | 239(71.8) | 0.85(0.6–1.0) | 0.14 | 280(73.7) | |
| Eating candy in daily life | Yes | 637(89.3) | 446(90.7) | 2.3(1.9–2.8) | < 0.0001 | 189(86.3) | 307(92.2) | 1.13(0.9–1.3) | 0.18 | 330(86.8) |
| Sometime | 25(3.5) | 16(3.3) | 1.7(0.66–4.7) | 0.25 | 9(4.1) | 12(3.6) | 0.92(0.3–2.4) | 0.87 | 13(3.4) | |
| No | 51(7.2) | 30(6.1) | 1.4(0.72–2.8) | 0.3 | 21(9.6) | 14(4.2) | 0.37(0.18–0.7) | 0.008 | 37(9.7) | |
| Eating junk food or market food | Yes | 614(86.1) | 428(87.0) | 2.3(1.8–2.8) | < 0.0001 | 184(84.0) | 301(90.4) | 1.2(1.0–1.4) | 0.02 | 313(82.4) |
| Sometime | 55(6.2) | 35(7.1) | 1.7(0.90–3.4) | 0.09 | 20(9.1) | 22(6.6) | 0.67(0.34–1.2) | 0.22 | 33(8.7) | |
| No | 44(6.2) | 29(5.9) | 1.9(0.9–4.09) | 0.08 | 15(6.8) | 10(3.0) | 0.29(0.12–0.6) | 0.003 | 34(8.9) | |
| Drinking Coffee (Everyday) | Yes | 117(16.4) | 89(18.1) | 3.1(1.9–5.2) | < 0.0001 | 28(12.8) | 66(19.8) | 1.29(0.82–2.0) | 0.25 | 51(13.4) |
| Sometime | 132(18.5) | 85(17.3) | 1.8(1.1–2.7) | 0.007 | 47(21.5) | 59(17.7) | 0.80(0.53–1.2) | 0.31 | 73(19.2) | |
| No | 464(65.1) | 318(64.6) | 2.2(1.7–2.7) | < 0.0001 | 144(65.8) | 208(62.5) | 0.81(0.64–1.0) | 0.06 | 256(67.4) | |
| Consuming more bakery items | Yes | 334(46.8) | 261(53.0) | 3.5(2.6–4.8) | < 0.0001 | 73(33.4) | 207(62.1) | 1.62(1.2–2.1) | 0.0004 | 127(33.4) |
| Sometime | 254(35.6) | 147(29.8) | 1.3(1.01–1.8) | 0.04 | 107(48.8) | 73(21.9) | 0.40(0.29–0.5) | < 0.0001 | 181(47.6) | |
| No | 123(17.3) | 84(17.0) | 2.1(1.3–3.3) | 0.0009 | 39(17.8) | 53(15.9) | 0.75(0.48–1.1) | 0.21 | 70(18.4) | |
| Eating dry fruits | Yes | 201(28.2) | 57(25.8) | 0.3(0.27–0.5) | 0.0001 | 144(29.3) | 109(32.7) | 1.18(0.84–1.6) | 0.32 | 92(24.2) |
| Sometime | 182(25.5) | 62(28.1) | 0.51(0.3–0.7) | 0.0005 | 120(24.4) | 85(25.5) | 0.87(0.61–1.2) | 0.46 | 97(25.5) | |
| No | 330(46.3) | 102(46.2) | 0.44(0.3–0.5) | < 0.0001 | 228(46.3) | 139(41.7) | 0.72(0.5–0.95) | 0.01 | 191(50.3) | |
*No– Participants without a family history of DM were used as a reference;
** Low/No risk – participants with low or no risk of DM were used as a reference.