Table 3.

PRs of the characteristics and menstruation history of the Endometriosis, Natural History, Diagnosis, and Outcomes Study, adjusted for age at enrollment and study site (Utah or California) (2007–2009) (N=473; the referent group is neither disease)

Characteristic	Endometriosis	PCOS	Endometriosis + PCOS	Neither
	aPR (95% CI)
Sociodemographics or lifestyle
Percentage above poverty level (yes or no)	1.43 (0.74–2.76)	0.56 (0.24–1.35)	NA	1.00
College educated (yes or no)	1.35 (0.89–2.06)	0.88 (0.43–1.81)	2.27 (0.96–5.42)	1.00
White or non-Hispanic White	0.95 (0.53–1.72)	0.81 (0.32–2.02)	3.71 (0.48–28.84)	1.00
Current smoker	0.62 (0.34–1.12)	1.17 (0.50–2.74)	0.20 (0.03–1.55)	1.00
Body mass index (kg/m2)	0.95 (0.92–0.98)	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	1.00
Reproductive history
Gravid (vs nulligravid)	0.96 (0.44–2.08)	1.80 (0.53–6.09)	1.86 (0.48–7.13)	1.00
Parous (vs nulligravid)	0.43 (0.26–0.69)	1.05 (0.46–2.40)	0.43 (0.16–1.19)	1.00
Subfertility (yes or no)	2.45 (1.56–3.84)	1.15 (0.51–2.61)	10.33 (3.94–27.08)	1.00
Subfertility treatment	1.97 (1.16–3.34)	0.74 (0.25–2.24)	9.53 (3.84–23.64)	1.00
Age at first consenting sex (y)	1.06 (1.01–1.12)	1.06 (0.96–1.16)	1.11 (1.00–1.22)	1.00
Age at menarche (y)	1.05 (0.94–1.19)	1.04 (0.85–1.26)	0.98 (0.76–1.26)	1.00
Mean no. of periods	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.80 (0.75–0.86)	0.85 (0.78–0.93)	1.00
Mean cycle length (d)	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	1.00
Mean shortest cycle (d)	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	1.00
Mean longest cycle (d)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	1.00
Chronic cyclic pain (yes or no)	1.94 (1.29–2.93)	0.51 (0.23–1.13)	1.07 (0.45–2.58)	1.00
Chronic pelvic pain (yes or no)	1.34 (0.89–2.03)	1.31 (0.66–2.60)	2.53 (1.07–6.00)	1.00

aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not available; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome; PR, prevalence ratio.

Schliep. Endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome overlap. Am J Obstet Gynecol Glob Rep 2023.