Table 1.
Methodology and findings of chronic migraine cost-of-illness studies
| Study No. | Author | Year of Valuation | Country | Study Design | Perspective | CM Sample Size |
Direct Cost (Average annual cost per patient) |
GBP 2021 |
Indirect Cost | GBP 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Karli N et al. | 2004 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Participant & Societal | 219 |
Chronic Tension Headache= $104.8 Chronic Daily Headache= $120.7 |
CTH= £93.12 CDH= £107.82 |
N/A | |
| 2 | Munakata J et al. | 2006 | United States | Cohort | Societal | 359 | $2,357.97 | £1,973.77 | Mean Annual cost per patient= $5,392.03 | 4,511.04 |
| 3 | Serrano D et al. | 2005 | United States | Longitudinal | Business | 374 | N/A | Mean weekly per employee= $143.28 | 125.52 | |
| 4 | Stokes M et al. | 2010 | United States & Canada | Cross-Sectional | Health Care System |
US = 104 CAD = 55 |
US= $4,144 Canada= $1,883 |
US= 3648.21 Canada= 3648.21 |
N/A | |
| 5 | Bloudek LM et al. | 2010 | United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, France & Germany | Cross-Sectional | Health Care System |
UK = 57 ITL = 55 FR = 57 GER = 52 ESP = 56 |
UK= €3,718.44 France= €1,579.00 Germany= €1,495.20 Italy= €2,648.12 Spain= €2,669.80 |
UK= 4363.12 France = 1852.76 Germany = 1754.52 Italy= 3106.57 Spain= 3132.00 |
N/A | |
| 6 | Stewart WF et al. | 2011 | United States | Case Study | Business | 185 | N/A | Estimated Labour Costs per Week= $13,384 | 10,847.99 | |
| 7 | Berra E et al. | 2013 | Italy | Cross-sectional | Health Care System | 51 | €2250.00 | 2332.75 | N/A | |
| 8 | Messali A et al. | 2013 | United States | Cross- Sectional | Societal | 103 | $4,943.00 | 3864.34 | Mean indirect costs= $3300 | 2579.07 |
| 9 | Silberstein SD et al. | 2013 | United States | Cross-sectional | Health Care System | 128 | $3,155.00 | 2579.07 | N/A | |
| 10 | Irimia P et al. | 2017 | Spain | Cross-sectional | Semi-societal | 187 | €8,344.30 | 8219.46 | Mean cost per patient/year= €8,233.9 | 8110.88 |
| 11 | Gibbs SN et al. | 2018 | United States | Cross-sectional | Participant (Out-of-pocket) | 319 | *Median monthly cost= $720.50 | 587.09 | N/A | |
| 12 | Negro A et al. | 2019 | Italy | Cross- sectional | Health Care System | 359 | €2037.00 | 1893.56 | N/A | |
| 13 | Hansson-Hedblom A et al. | 2019 | Sweden | Cross-sectional | Semi-societal | 454 |
15–24 Headache days= €4009 25–31 Headache days= €5311 |
15–24 Headache days= £3725.88 25–31 Headache days= 4936.15 |
Annual average 15–24 Headache days= €31,478 25–31 Headache days= €52,521 |
15–24 Headache days= £29254.67 25–31 Headache days= £48,810.23 |