Table 1.
Selected patient characteristics after propensity score matching among initiators of empagliflozin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i)
| Countrya | Empagliflozin/DPP-4i (n/n) | Median age (years) | Males (%) | Mean time since T2D (years) | Mean number of prior glucose-lowering drug classes (n) | Having any hospitalization (%) | Mean follow-up time (years)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With CVD | |||||||
| Denmark | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Finland | 5819/5819 | 66.00/67.00 | 58.72/59.03 | 6.31/6.43 | 2.23/2.25 | 332.86/3.30 | 0.65/0.86 |
| Germany | 166/166 | 68.39/67.67 | 73.49/75.90 | – | – | – | – |
| Israel | 983/983 | 66.87/67.19 | 71.92/72.33 | – | – | 42.22/42.12 | 0.71/0.69 |
| Japan | 2152/2152 | 66.00/66.00 | 74.67/73.47 | – | – | 60.69/62.73 | 0.44/0.41 |
| Norway | 2559/2559 | 66.00/66.00 | 68.46/67.72 | 7.28/7.40 | 2.40/2.41 | 40.41/40.33 | 0.71/0.89 |
| South Korea | 3444/3444 | 61.00/61.00 | 57.20/58.54 | – | – | 29.59/31.39 | 0.55/0.54 |
| Spain | 1536/1536 | 69.00/69.00 | 59.57/59.31 | – | – | 17.84/17.32 | 0.90/0.86 |
| Sweden | 8429/8429 | 68.00/67.00 | 67.01/67.83 | 9.54/9.56 | 2.61/2.62 | 28.66/28.06 | 0.53/0.81 |
| Taiwan | 3889/3889 | 62.15/61.53 | 63.10/62.00 | – | – | 23.58/24.09 | 0.47/0.47 |
| UK CPRD | 229/229 | 62.65/61.35 | 64.19/60.70 | – | – | 34.93/37.55 | 1.01/0.94 |
| UK THIN | 127/127 | 67.00/67.00 | 74.02/74.80 | – | – | – | 0.65/0.72 |
| Without CVD | |||||||
| Denmark | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Finland | 5874/5874 | 60.00/60.00 | 57.97/57.90 | 5.10/5.21 | 2.15/2.16 | 11.92/12.16 | 0.67/0.90 |
| Germany | 671/671 | 62.32/62.77 | 56.63/56.33 | – | – | – | – |
| Israel | 2861/2861 | 60.18/60.15 | 58.76/58.37 | – | – | 10.77/11.46 | 0.72/0.68 |
| Japan | 3437/3437 | 56.00/56.00 | 62.15/63.81 | – | – | 36.98/38.84 | 0.52/0.47 |
| Norway | 3711/3711 | 58.00/59.00 | 60.20/59.42 | 5.81/5.86 | 2.29/2.31 | 12.15/11.61 | 0.72/0.90 |
| South Korea | 5629/5629 | 53.00/53.00 | 43.06/42.94 | – | – | 15.46/14.94 | 0.56/0.53 |
| Spain | 4305/4305 | 64.00/64.00 | 59.47/59.47 | – | – | 0.74/0.77 | 0.95/0.86 |
| Sweden | 7241/7241 | 61.00/60.00 | 61.55/61.76 | 8.45/8.41 | 2.59/2.59 | 8.11/8.15 | 0.55/0.83 |
| Taiwan | 10,154/10,154 | 55.79/55.75 | 56.20/57.01 | – | – | 10.62/11.25 | 0.50/0.49 |
| UK CPRD | 476/476 | 55.50/56.10 | 57.35/59.45 | – | – | 11.34/10.50 | 1.07/0.88 |
| UK THIN | 1139/1139 | 59.00/59.00 | 57.77/58.12 | – | – | – | 0.65/0.72 |
| With HF | |||||||
| Denmark | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Finland | 729/729 | 70.00/70.00 | 63.65/67.49 | 6.99/7.20 | 2.25/2.30 | 55.14/54.32 | 0.62/0.87 |
| Germany | 79/79 | 70.79/69.04 | 59.49/65.82 | – | – | – | – |
| Israel | 71/71 | 68.59/73.04 | 64.79/64.79 | – | – | 63.38/59.15 | 0.63/0.66 |
| Japan | 1525/1525 | 67.00/68.00 | 73.90/71.67 | – | – | 60.39/62.82 | 0.44/0.40 |
| Norway | 326/326 | 68.00/68.00 | 72.09/70.55 | 7.15/7.17 | 2.38/2.40 | 53.37/50.31 | 0.63/0.84 |
| South Korea | 561/561 | 63.00/64.00 | 59.18/57.58 | – | – | 47.06/47.42 | 0.50/0.44 |
| Spain | 130/130 | 74.00/75.00 | 60.77/55.38 | – | – | 52.31/53.08 | 0.76/0.73 |
| Sweden | 1127/1127 | 70.00/70.00 | 71.61/70.98 | 9.95/10.07 | 2.60/2.65 | 46.50/45.87 | 0.51/0.78 |
| Taiwan | 861/861 | 63.21/62.23 | 61.44/59.47 | – | – | 32.29/32.29 | 0.44/0.45 |
| UK CPRD | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| UK THIN | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Without HF | |||||||
| Denmark | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Finland | 10,999/10,999 | 63.00/63.00 | 58.22/58.44 | 5.59/5.67 | 2.18/2.20 | 20.06/20.06 | 0.66/0.90 |
| Germany | 763/763 | 62.96/63.42 | 59.90/58.85 | – | – | – | – |
| Israel | 3782/3782 | 61.81/62.02 | 62.14/62.40 | – | – | 17.95/18.11 | 0.72/0.70 |
| Japan | 4065/4065 | 58.00/58.00 | 64.40/66.22 | – | – | 40.64/42.29 | 0.51/0.46 |
| Norway | 5977/5977 | 61.00/61.00 | 63.11/62.41 | 6.36/6.47 | 2.34/2.35 | 22.32/22.70 | 0.72/0.90 |
| South Korea | 8510/8510 | 56.00/56.00 | 56.86/56.43 | – | – | 19.06/19.48 | 0.56/0.54 |
| Spain | 5698/5698 | 65.00/65.00 | 59.60/59.20 | – | – | 3.95/3.62 | 0.94/0.85 |
| Sweden | 14,557/14,557 | 64.00/64.00 | 64.05/64.03 | 8.94/8.94 | 2.59/2.60 | 17.09/16.51 | 0.54/0.82 |
| Taiwan | 13,186/13,186 | 57.32/56.91 | 57.89/58.46 | – | – | 13.03/12.80 | 0.50/0.49 |
| UK CPRD | 762/762 | 57.39/57.42 | 60.10/60.10 | – | – | 19.55/20.87 | 1.07/0.91 |
| UK THIN | 1270/1270 | 59.00/59.00 | 59.29/58.66 | – | – | – | 0.65/0.75 |
CVD cardiovascular disease, CPRD Clinical Practice Research Datalink, DPP-4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, HF heart failure, T2D type 2 diabetes, THIN The Health Improvement Network, UK United Kingdom
aThe follow-up time varied with the outcomes under study. The follow-up presented here is using as-treated approach and all-cause mortality where follow-up time is the longest