Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of youth with PBD and HC.
| - | PBD (N = 24) | HC (N = 28) | F or χ2 | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 11.96 ± 3.10 | 11.86 ± 3.11 | .01 | .907 | ||
| Female, n (%) | 13(54.16) | 13(46.43) | .31 | .578 | ||
| Race, n (%) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Asian | 0(0.00) | 2(7.10) | ||||
| African-American | 2(8.30) | 6(21.40) | 3.81 | .149 | ||
| Caucasian | 22(91.70) | 20(71.40) | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 2(8.30) | 3(7.10) | .026 | .872 | ||
| I.Q., mean ± SD | 98.96 ± 17.58 | 103.30 ± 12.99 | 1.02 | .318 | ||
| Clinical | ||||||
| Year ill (y), mean ± SD | 3.64 ± 2.36 | - | - | - | ||
| CDRS, mean ± SD | 31.22 ± 12.27 | 17.84 ± 2.08 | 30.32 | <.001 | ||
| YMRS, mean ± SD | 2.54 ± 3.32 | 14.22 ± 10.58 | 27.72 | <.001 | ||
| PBD Type | ||||||
| Type 1 | 17(70.80) | - | - | - | ||
| Type II | 0(0.00) | - | - | - | ||
| Not otherwise specified | 7(29.20) | - | - | - | ||
| Mood State* | ||||||
| (hypo)manic | 7(41.20) | - | - | - | ||
| Depressed | 4(23.50) | - | - | - | ||
| Euthymic | 6(35.30) | - | - | - | ||
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 8(33.30) | - | - | - | ||
| ADHD | 9(37.50) | - | - | - | ||
| ODD | 2(8.30) | - | - | - | ||
| Panic Disorder | 1(4.20) | - | - | - | ||
| GAD | 4(16.70) | - | - | - | ||
| Current Pharmacotherapy, n (%) | ||||||
| AD | 13(66.70) | - | - | - | ||
| AP | 11(45.80) | - | - | - | ||
| MS | 11(45.80) | - | - | - | ||
| BDZ | 0(0.00) | - | - | - | ||
| MARI | 13(54.20) | - | - | - | ||
Note: Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are indicated in bold, trend-level p-values (p < .07) are indicated in italics. Abbreviations: PBD: youth with bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ODD, oppositional-defiant disorder. AD, antidepressant; AP, antipsychotic; MS, mood stabilizer; BDZ, benzodiazepines; MARI, mixed monoamine reuptake inhibitor.
*Mood state is calculated for youth with PBD type 1.