Table 2.

Regression analysis of stroke severity and follow-up outcomes according to pre-stroke antithrombotic therapy in overall study cohort and in the subpopulation with a history of ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Characteristic	No ATT	APT	p	AC	p	APT + AC	p	N
Stroke severity at admission	ref.	β (95% CI)		β (95% CI)		β (95% CI)
NIHSS at admission a	1.00	−0.31 (−0.47 to −0.15)	<0.001	−0.81 (−1.05 to −0.58)	<0.001	−1.10 (−1.61 to −0.59)	<0.001	34,483
	n = 18,096	n = 11,187		n = 4574		n = 626
History of AIS/TIA	1.00	−0.74 (−1.11 to −0.37)	<0.001	−1.12 (−1.59 to −0.66)	<0.001	−1.20 (−1.99 to −0.41)	0.003	7892
	n = 1568	n = 4334		n = 1693		n = 297
3 month follow-up outcomes	ref.	aOR (95% CI)		aOR (95% CI)		aOR (95% CI)
Functional outcome (mRS > 3) b	1.00	1.06 (0.98–1.14)	0.135	1.28 (1.15–1.42)	<0.001	1.40 (1.11–1.75)	0.003	28,464
	n = 14,912	n = 9226		n = 3808		n = 518
History of AIS/TIA	1.00	0.90 (0.75–1.07)	0.239	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	0.939	1.15 (0.81–1.63)	0.447	6424
	n = 1217	n = 3562		n = 1399		n = 246
Recurrent ischaemic stroke c	1.00	1.26 (1.11–1.44)	<0.001	1.54 (1.29–1.83)	<0.001	1.09 (0.75–1.59)	0.650	29,503
	n = 15,616	n = 9554		n = 3790		n = 543
History of AIS/TIA	1.00	1.01 (0.79–1.30)	0.923	1.23 (0.91–1.66)	0.186	0.89 (0.53–1.51)	0.673	6671
	n = 1250	n = 3749		n = 1404		n = 268
ICH d	1.00	1.27 (1.05–1.53)	0.013	0.98 (0.74–1.29)	0.867	0.79 (0.40–1.58)	0.512	29,640
	n = 15,689	n = 9629		n = 3784		n = 538
History of AIS/TIA	1.00	1.09 (0.67–1.77)	0.718	1.14 (0.63–2.03)	0.670	0.59 (0.17–2.03)	0.402	6698
	n = 1247	n = 3777		n = 1410		n = 264
Deathe	1.00	1.10 (0.99–1.21)	0.059	1.60 (1.41–1.80)	<0.001	1.69 (1.29–2.21)	<0.001	28,524
	n = 14,939	n = 9252		n = 3814		n = 519
History of AIS/TIA	1.00	0.71 (0.57–0.88)	0.002	0.99 (0.77–1.27)	0.940	0.89 (0.57–1.39)	0.620	6442
	n = 1218	n = 3577		n = 1401		n = 246

AC: anticoagulation; AIS: acute ischaemic stroke; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; APT: antiplatelet therapy; ATT: antithrombotic therapy; ICH: intracerebral haemorrhage; mRS: modified Rankin scale; N: number of patients; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ref.: reference; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.

Adjusted beta-coefficients and odds ratios of outcome events in the respective antithrombotic therapy group as compared to no antithrombotic therapy (reference beta coefficient/odds ratio of 1.00). Comparisons of stroke severities were calculated using a quantile regression model, the comparisons of the 3-months follow-up outcomes using binomial logistic regression models. The analyses were adjusted for the following covariates.

Covariates included in all analyses: age (continuous), sex (categorical), serum glucose on admission (continuous), systolic blood pressure on admission (continuous), time between stroke onset and admission (continuous), history of ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation (categorical variables).

Additional covariates for each analysis:

^aPremorbid mRS (ordinal).

^b,ePremorbid mRS (ordinal), intravenous thrombolysis (categorical), endovascular treatment (categorical), NIHSS on admission (continuous).

^cIntravenous thrombolysis (categorical), endovascular treatment (categorical), NIHSS on admission (continuous), modified TOAST aetiology (categorical).

^dIntravenous thrombolysis (categorical), endovascular treatment (categorical), NIHSS on admission (continuous).